Prospective, national clinical and epidemiologic study on imported childhood malaria in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.

Background: Current knowledge of clinical features of imported childhood malaria is largely limited to small, retrospective, and/or single-center case series. This prospective, population-based study describes the epidemiology and clinical features of imported childhood malaria in children <16 years in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

Methods: Active prospective national surveillance with clinical data collection was performed between January 1, 2006 and January 31, 2007 through the British Pediatric Surveillance Unit and capture-recapture analysis using cases reported independently to respective national surveillance centers.

Long-term complications and risk of other serious infections following invasive Haemophilus influenzae serotype b disease in vaccinated children.

This study describes the long-term complications in children with Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine failure and to determine their risk of other serious infections. The families of 323 children with invasive Hib disease after appropriate vaccination (i.e.

Imported malaria in children: a review of clinical studies.

Imported malaria is a preventable disease, yet it is responsible for several thousand cases and a substantial number of deaths every year. There has been a pronounced rise in the incidence of imported malaria in most developed countries over the past three decades and, more concerning, Plasmodium falciparum, which is responsible for almost all cases of severe malaria, is now the most prevalent species. Children account for around 15-20% of all imported malaria cases and must be considered separately from adults because they have different risk factors for developing malaria and a higher risk of developing severe disease since they are more likely to be non-immune to malaria.

Trends in imported childhood malaria in the UK: 1999-2003.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of imported malaria in children in the UK.

Methods: Surveillance data on children with imported malaria, collected through an enhanced surveillance network set up by the Malaria Reference Laboratory (London, UK), diagnosed between January 1999 and December 2003 were analysed.

Results: Over the 5-year study period, 9238 cases were reported to the Malaria Reference Laboratory, and children accounted for 1456 (14.

Human middle-ear sound transfer function and cochlear input impedance.

The middle-ear pressure gain, defined as the ear canal sound pressure to cochlear vestibule pressure gain, GME, and the ear canal sound pressure to stapes footplate velocity transfer function, SVTF, simultaneously measured in 12 fresh human temporal bones for the 0.05 to 10 kHz frequency range are reported. The mean GME magnitude reached 23.

Effect of sinus surgery on visual disturbance caused by spheno-ethmoid mucoceles.

Fifteen patients suffering from visual disturbance of varying degrees caused by a mucocele of the posterior ethmoid and/or sphenoid sinuses underwent marsupialization of a mucocele into the nasal cavity. Five of the eight patients with severe visual loss worse than 20/200 showed recovery of measurable vision. Two of these five were operated on within 24 hours after the onset of visual loss and showed marked recovery to 20/25 and 20/15.

Histochemical study of the canine inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle: implications for its function.

The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (IPC), which consists of the thyropharyngeal (TP) and cricopharyngeal (CP) muscles. plays an important role during deglutition. The histochemical properties of the canine IPC muscle were investigated.

Motor innervation of the guinea pig interarytenoid muscle: reinnervation process following unilateral denervation.

The authors investigated the process of denervation and reinnervation of the interarytenoid (IA) muscle in the guinea pig using transmission electron microscopy and glycogen depletion technique after unilateral transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve to clarify the innervation pattern of the unpaired IA muscle. Anastomosis between the bilateral arytenoid branches was confirmed in the belly of the IA muscle. Five weeks after transection, all of the IA muscle fibers appeared to have been reinnervated by the contralateral RLN.

[Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in postoperative maxillary cyst].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to conventional X-ray tomography and CT scanning in detecting postoperative maxillary cysts (POMCs). We analyzed the MRI features of 51 cases (72 sides) and compared them with the operative findings of 42 cases (52 sides) of POMC. The total number of cysts diagnosed was 121.

[Relationship of Onodi cell to optic neuritis--radiological anatomy on coronal CT scanning].

The relationship of paranasal sinusitis to optic neuritis remains controversial. One of the major sources of this controversy is that there are some reports of rhinogenic optic neuritis (RON) in patients with mild paranasal sinusitis or with almost normal paranasal sinuses. The Onodi cell is a posterior ethmoid cell which pneumatized far laterally and to some degree superiorly to the sphenoid sinus and is intimately associated with the optic nerve.

Neuromuscular junctions of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in the adult rat: a scanning electron microscopical study.

Neuromuscular junctions in the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle of the adult rat larynx were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two types of focal junctions were characterized by the nerve endings with terminal varicosities or terminal buttons and by the subneural apparatuses with a group of cup-like depressions (2-5 microns in diameter), not labyrinthine gutters. One type of the subneural apparatuses consisted of a large number (more than 20) of depressions with predominantly slit-like junctional folds.

[Endoscopic endonasal surgery for postoperative maxillary cyst].

Endoscopic endonasal surgery was performed on 64 patients (69 sides) with postoperative maxillary cyst. We marsupialized the cyst in the inferior and/or middle meatus to enlarge it as much as possible. To facilitate an easier approach to the cyst wall in the inferior nasal meatus, some patients underwent submucous resection of the inferior nasal concha or inferior turbinectomy.

[Motor innervation of the canine arytenoid muscle].

Dual motor innervation by the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) has been demonstrated in the human arytenoid muscle (AR). Whether AR of the dog receives dual motor innervation remains to be cleared yet, although the canine larynx is frequently used in experimental studies. To answer this question, the author observed the muscular structure in detail and anastomotic nerve branch between the bilateral RLNs, and then carried out glycogen depletion experiments on AR of dog compared with typical unpaired ARs of monkey and of guinea pig.

[Application of laser surgery to the treatment of laryngeal cancer].

The authors utilized CO2 laser to treat laryngeal cancer in 28 patients. The operative methods were the following: Method I. Glottic T1 tumor was completely vaporized by laser irradiation alone.

[Multiple primary cancers of the head and neck].

Multiple primary cancers of the head and neck are not always rare. We have experienced 30 cases of multiple primary cancers in the Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime University School of Medicine from 1976 to 1989. The incidence ranged from 3.