Expression and localization of estrogen receptors in human renal cell carcinoma and their clinical significance.

This study aims to (1) evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of ERα, ERα36 and ERβ in combination in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and nearby non-tumorous tissue (2) correlate their expression pattern with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients; this may provide a new insight into prediction of the disease outcome and understanding its progression. The three markers showed positive cytoplasmic (± membranous) staining pattern in tumor cells. The tubules in the nearby non-tumorous tissue showed either nuclear (± cytoplasmic) staining pattern (ERα and ERβ) or only cytoplasmic staining pattern (ERα36).