Progress in the study of curcumin metabolism .

Curcumin has diverse biological functions, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but clinical trials have been hindered by its low bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. To achieve therapeutic efficacy, understanding curcumin's metabolism is crucial. We reviewed current research on curcumin metabolism in PubMed, Google Scholar, and CNKI.

Pharmacokinetic profiles contribute to the differences in behavioral pharmacology of 071031B enantiomers as novel serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

Our previous study indicated that a chiral compound 071031B was a novel serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with superior antidepressant activity compared to duloxetine. The present study aimed to investigate chiral pharmacology differences of 071031B enantiomers, S-071031B and R-071031B, and disclose mechanisms underlying the behavioral differences based on target profiles and pharmacokinetic profiles. In vivo behavioral tests indicated that S-071031B was more potent than R-071031B in two depression models (the forced swimming test in mice and rats) and two pain models (the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests in mice).

Infection of Ustilaginoidea virens intercepts rice seed formation but activates grain-filling-related genes.

Rice false smut has become an increasingly serious disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. The typical feature of this disease is that the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens (Uv) specifically infects rice flower and forms false smut ball, the ustiloxin-containing ball-like fungal colony, of which the size is usually several times larger than that of a mature rice seed.

Pharmacodynamics and toxicity of vasoactive intestinal peptide for intranasal administration.

The aim of this work was to study the nasal route for the delivery of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to the brain and to evaluate the toxicity of VIP nasal spray. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with the aggregated Abeta25-35 to mimic Alzheimer's disease. Following administration, different groups of mice were treated over one week, and their spatial learning and memory capacities were evaluated by the Morris water maze test.

Morphological structure of propagules and electrophoretic karyotype analysis of false smut Villosiclava virens in rice.

The target pathogen Villosiclava virens (teleomorph: claviceps oryzae-sativae) was isolated from the infected rice, where it caused false smut. In our study, the forming processes of the chlamydospores, chlamydospore balls, conidiospores, and secondary conidiospores during the asexual reproduction were observed more precisely and in greater detail than previous descriptions. The microstructure of the infected rice kernel showed that the outer dense chlamydospores piled around the false smut balls grown on XBZ medium; moreover the sclerotia consisting of dense mycelium were found.

Isolation and characterization of comprehensive polychlorinated biphenyl degrading bacterium, Enterobacter sp. LY402.

A Gram-negative bacterium, named LY402, was isolated from contaminated soil. 16S rDNA sequencing and measurement of the physiological and biochemical characteristics identified it as belonging to the genus Enterobacter. Degradation experiments showed that LY402 had the ability to aerobically transform 79 of the 91 major congeners of Aroclor 1242, 1254, and 1260.

Distribution, transition, adhesion and release of insulin loaded nanoparticles in the gut of rats.

The purpose of this work was to investigate distribution, transition, bioadhesion and release behaviors of insulin loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles in the gut of rats, as well as the effects of viscosity agent on them. Insulin was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The FITC-insulin solution and FITC-insulin nanoparticle aqueous dispersions with or without hydropropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, 0.

Thymopentin-loaded pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles for oral administration: preparation, characterization, and pharmacodynamics.

Thymopentin, a potent immunomodulating drug, was incorporated into pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions and then coated with Eudragit S100 to improve the stability and the oral bioavailability. Nanoparticles particle size and zeta potential were measured by photo correction spectroscopy and laser Dopper anemometry. Its morphology was examined by environment scan electron microscope.

[Influence of seven absorption enhancers on nasal mucosa--assessment of toxicity].

Objective: To study the influence of seven different absorption enhancers on nasal mucosa.

Methods: By testing last time of ciliary movement, velocity of ciliary movement, ciliary structural and specific cellular changes of nasal mucosa the influence of seven different absorption enhancers on nasal mucosa.

Results: The effect on lasting time of ciliary movement was 1%SDS>1%SDC>1%Brij35>5%Tween80>0.

[Preparation and properties of 5-fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres for the intranasal administration].

Objective: To study the preparation technique and release characteristic of 5-fluorouracil loaded chitosan microspheres for the intranasal administration.

Methods: Using the liquid paraffin as the oil phase,and span-80 as the emuifier; 5-fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres were achieved by emulsion-chemical crosslink technique. The orthogonal experimental design was applied to optimize the preparation procedure.