Adjuvant PD-1 Blockade With Camrelizumab for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The DIPPER Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Approximately 20% to 30% of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) experience disease relapse despite definitive chemoradiotherapy. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade camrelizumab has demonstrated considerable value in recurrent or metastatic NPC, while its role in locoregionally advanced NPC is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant camrelizumab for patients with locoregionally advanced NPC.

Nivolumab combined with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A multicenter phase 2 PLATINUM trial.

Severe toxicities caused by concurrent cisplatin are a critical problem in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment. In this phase 2 multicenter PLATINUM trial (NCT03984357), we recruited 152 NPC patients who received 12-cycle nivolumab plus induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy without concurrent cisplatin. After a median follow-up of 43 months, the 3-year failure-free survival (FFS) was 88.

Associations between serum trace elements and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multi-center case-control study in Guangdong Province, southern China.

Background: Associations between trace elements and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been speculated but not thoroughly examined.

Methods: This study registered a total of 225 newly diagnosed patients with NPC and 225 healthy controls matched by sex and age from three municipal hospitals in Guangdong Province, southern China between 2011 and 2015. Information was collected by questionnaire on the demographic characteristics and other possibly confounding lifestyle factors.

New insights into the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria in cultivated .

Endophytic bacteria play crucial roles in the growth and bioactive compound synthesis of host plants. In this study, the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria in the roots, stems, and leaves from 3-year-old artificially cultivated were investigated using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology. Total effective reads were assigned to 936 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to 12 phyla and 289 genera.

Dietary intakes of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids from ready-to-eat vegetables in taiwan.

Background: Chlorine-based disinfectants are often used to sanitize fruit and vegetables to produce a product called ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables. During the disinfection process, disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), might be formed via chlorination.

Objective: To determine the amounts of DBPs that occur in RTE vegetables in Taiwan, an analytical method which can detect THMs and HAAs simultaneously was developed for this study.

Validity and reliability of the simplified Chinese patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events.

Background: The psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) have not been assessed. Therefore, we aimed to assess its validity, reliability, and responsiveness.

Patients And Methods: A Chinese version of the PRO-CTCAE and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) were distributed to 1580 patients from four cancer hospitals in China.

Evolving landscape and academic attitudes toward the controversies of global immuno-oncology trials.

This cross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive analysis aimed to track the evolving landscape of global immuno-oncology (IO) trials and provide insight into the resolution of IO-related controversies. Clinical trials (n = 4510) registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in 2007 to 2019 studying immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), cancer vaccines and immune modulators were included.

p47 deficiency improves cognitive impairment and attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse models of AD.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. The aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two major pathological features of AD. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, NOX) has been indicated in Aβ pathology; however, whether and how it affects tau pathology are not yet clear.

Combining tumor response and personalized risk assessment: Potential for adaptation of concurrent chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era.

Background And Purpose: In the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era, the role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) after induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) is undetermined, while concerns exist about CCRT-associated excessive toxicity. We aimed to combine tumor response and risk assessment to guide decisions about concurrent chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: From April 2009 to December 2015, 744 LANPC patients treated with CCRT/IMRT after IC were included.

Association between outcome disparities and pragmatic features related to clinical trial and real-world settings in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population-based retrospective cohort study, 2006-2016.

Background: Prognosis often differs between trial participants and nontrial (pragmatic) patients in similar clinical scenarios, raising a concern that results of trials may not represent those in real-world practice.

Methods And Materials: Individual patient data were extracted from three phase III randomized controlled trials and a big-data real-world database (n = 10,126). Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT [control]: 2438 vs.

Prognostic value of MRI-determined cervical lymph node size in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined cervical lymph node (CLN) size in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2066 patients with NPC treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and randomly divided them into two groups, in a 1:1 ratio. One group was used for training (the training group), and the other one was for internal validation (the validation group).

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: clinical outcomes and patterns of failure among subsets of 8th AJCC stage IVa.

Objectives: The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) merged T4N0-2 and T1-4N3 to create stage IVa. In the present study, we aimed to assess the difference in clinical outcomes and patterns of failure between 8th AJCC T4N0-2 and T1-4N3 NPC patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods: We included 3107 patients with stage IVa NPC disease (1871 with T4N0-2 and 1236 with T1-4N3) according to the 8th AJCC staging system.

Thyroid dose-volume thresholds for the risk of radiation-related hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy-A single-institution study.

Background: To identify thyroid dose-volume thresholds for radiotherapy (RT)-related hypothyroidism (HT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated RT (IMRT). In this way, we desired to guide the design of treatment plans and, finally, lower HT prevalence.

Methods: In total, 345 NPC patients treated with IMRT were evaluated retrospectively during a median follow-up of 45.

Relationship of circulating tumor cells and Epstein-Barr virus DNA to progression-free survival and overall survival in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

We analyzed the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV DNA) for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC). The levels of CTCs and EBV DNA were measured at baseline and after first-line chemotherapy in 148 mNPC patients prospectively enrolled between December 2014 and August 2016. We also collected 122 non-mNPC cases within the same time frame for examining CTCs and EBV DNA at baseline.

Prognostic Value of Deep Learning PET/CT-Based Radiomics: Potential Role for Future Individual Induction Chemotherapy in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the value of deep learning on positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT)-based radiomics for individual induction chemotherapy (IC) in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Experimental Design: We constructed radiomics signatures and nomogram for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) based on the extracted features from PET and CT images in a training set ( = 470), and then validated it on a test set ( = 237). Harrell's concordance indices (C-index) and time-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were applied to evaluate the discriminatory ability of radiomics nomogram, and compare radiomics signatures with plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA.

The development and external validation of simplified T category classification for nasopharyngeal carcinoma to improve the prognostic value in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era.

Background: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) provides excellent local control in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We investigated whether simplifying 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system T categories improves prognostic value.

Methods: We used 2191 NPC patients as a training set and 414 patients separately as an independent, external validation cohort.

Effect of prior cancer on trial eligibility and treatment outcomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Implications for clinical trial accrual.

Objective: In cancer trials, prior cancer is a common exclusion criterion. We evaluated the characteristics of prior cancer exclusion criteria in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) trials and determined its prognostic effect on patients with NPC.

Methods: We reviewed NPC trials for prior cancer exclusion criteria.

Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Load After Induction Chemotherapy Predicts Outcome in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate whether plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load at induction chemotherapy (ICT) completion (post-DNA) is a useful outcome predictor in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to compare the prognostic value of post- DNA and post-chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) DNA (post-DNA).

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively reviewed 278 patients with stage III-IV NPC treated with ICT followed by concurrent CCRT. The EBV DNA load was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction pre-ICT (pre-DNA), at ICT completion (post-DNA), and 1 week after CCRT completion (post-DNA).

Pan-cancer genomic analyses reveal prognostic and immunogenic features of the tumor melatonergic microenvironment across 14 solid cancer types.

We performed comprehensive genomic analyses of the melatonergic system within the tumor microenvironment and their clinical relevance across a broad spectrum of solid tumors. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 14 solid tumors representing 6658 human samples were analyzed. The tumor melatonergic system was characterized by the rates of melatonin synthesis and metabolism using a two-gene expression model (melatonin synthesis/metabolism Index).

Individualized induction chemotherapy by pre-treatment plasma Epstein-Barr viral DNA in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: The role of pretreatment Epstein-Barr virus DNA (pre-DNA) for individualized induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) still remains unknown. We aimed to address this clinical issue.

Methods: In total, data on 6218 patient with newly diagnosed LA-NPC receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without IC were retrospectively reviewed.

The Efficacy and Safety of Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Literature-based Meta-analyses.

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (anti-EGFR mAbs), such as cetuximab and nimotuzumab have been used in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), yet their efficacy and safety are undetermined. : We performed two meta-analyses based on systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SinoMed: comparison 1 (standard therapy plus mAbs vs. standard therapy) and comparison 2 (radiotherapy plus concurrent mAbs vs.