Function Analysis of P450 and GST Genes to Imidacloprid in (Koch).

(Koch) is an economically important pest that affects legumes in worldwide. Chemical control is still the primary efficient method for management. However, the mechanism underlying insecticide resistance in has not been elucidated.

New insight into the catalytic properties of rice sucrose synthase.

Sucrose synthase (SuS), which catalyzes the reversible conversion of sucrose and uridine diphosphate (UDP) into fructose and UDP-glucose, is a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism in higher plants. SuS belongs to family 4 of the glycosyltransferases (GT4) and contains an E-X7-E motif that is conserved in members of GT4 and two other GT families. To gain insight into the roles of this motif in rice sucrose synthase 3 (RSuS3), the two conserved glutamate residues (E678 and E686) in this motif and a phenylalanine residue (F680) that resides between the two glutamate residues were changed by site-directed mutagenesis.

[Preventive effects of jinghua weikang capsule on NSAID-induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine: an experimental research].

Objective: To study the preventive effects of jinghua weikang capsule (JWC) on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine.

Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e.

Differential expression of genes encoding acid invertases in multiple shoots of bamboo in response to various phytohormones and environmental factors.

The promoter regions of two cell wall invertase genes, Boβfruct1 and Boβfruct2, and a vacuolar invertase gene, Boβfruct3, in Bambusa oldhamii were cloned, and putative regulatory cis-elements were identified. The expression of these three genes in multiple shoots of bamboo that were cultured in vitro under different conditions was analyzed by real-time PCR. The two cell wall invertase genes were upregulated by indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinins but responded differently to other phytohormones and different temperatures.

Identification of genes differentially expressed during the growth of Bambusa oldhamii.

Bamboos are ecologically and economically important grasses, and are distinguished by their rapid growth. To identify genes associated with bamboo growth, PCR-based mRNA differential display was used to clone genes that were differentially expressed in various tissues of bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii) shoots at different growth stages. In total, 260 different cDNA sequences were obtained.

The purine-rich DNA-binding protein OsPurα participates in the regulation of the rice sucrose synthase 1 gene expression.

The rice sucrose synthase 1 (RSus1) gene is transcriptionally induced by sucrose, and a region within its promoter, at -1117 to -958 upstream of the transcription initiation site, was found to be essential for enhancing the sucrose-induced expression. Further dissection of this region revealed that a group of nuclear proteins interact with a 39-bp fragment named A-3-2 (-1045 to -1007). A protein that specifically and directly interacted with A-3-2 was isolated from the suspension-cultured cells of rice and was subsequently identified as a purine-rich DNA-binding protein.

Analysis of the expression of BohLOL1, which encodes an LSD1-like zinc finger protein in Bambusa oldhamii.

A cDNA, BohLOL1, encoding a protein containing three zf-LSD1 (zinc finger-Lesions Simulating Disease resistance 1) domains was cloned from growing bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii) shoots. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that BohLOL1 is a homolog of Arabidopsis LSD1 and LOL1 (LSD-one-like 1), which have been reported to act antagonistically in controlling cell death via the maintenance of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. The BohLOL1 gene was differentially expressed in various bamboo shoot tissues and was upregulated in shoots with higher rates of culm elongation.

Analysis of the cellulose synthase genes associated with primary cell wall synthesis in Bambusa oldhamii.

The synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides is highly active in rapidly growing bamboo shoots. We cloned a set of BoCesA cDNAs that encode cellulose synthase from bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii) and investigated the expression patterns of the BoCesA2, BoCesA5, BoCesA6 and BoCesA7 genes. The four BoCesA genes were differentially expressed in the different parts of growing bamboo shoots, in various organs, and in multiple shoots that were cultured in vitro.

Insights into the catalytic properties of bamboo vacuolar invertase through mutational analysis of active site residues.

Plant acid invertases, which are either associated with the cell wall or present in vacuoles, belong to family 32 of glycoside hydrolases (GH32). Homology modeling of bamboo vacuolar invertase Bobetafruct3 using Arabidopsis cell-wall invertase AtcwINV1 as a template showed that its overall structure is similar to GH32 enzymes, and that the three highly conserved motifs, NDPNG, RDP and EC, are located in the active site. This study also used site-directed mutagenesis to examine the roles of the conserved amino acid residues in these three motifs, which include Asp135, Arg259, Asp260, Glu316 and Cys317, and a conserved Trp residue (Trp159) that resides between the NDPNG and RDP motifs.

[QTL mapping for chlorophyll content in maize].

In order to explore the genetic basis for chlorophyll content in maize (Zea mays L.), a total of 189 F2 individuals derived from the single cross between the inbred lines A150-3-2 and Mo17 were used as mapping population. Four traits associated with chlorophyll content were measured at the trumpet stage and at the flowering stage.

Molecular cloning and functional identification of invertase isozymes from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii.

Three Bo beta fruct cDNAs encoding acid invertases were cloned from shoots of the green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii. On the basis of the amino acid sequences of their products and phylogenetic analyses, Bo beta fruct1 and Bo beta fruct2 were determined to encode cell wall invertases, whereas Bo beta fruct3encodes a vacuolar invertase. The recombinant proteins encoded by Bo beta fruct2 and Bo beta fruct3 were produced in Pichia pastoris and purified to near homogeneity using ammonium sulfate fractionation and immobilized metal affinity chromatography.

Molecular characterization and expression of four cDNAs encoding sucrose synthase from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii.

Bamboo is distinguished by its rapid growth. To investigate sucrose metabolism in this plant, we cloned the cDNAs encoding sucrose synthase (SuS) from Bambusa oldhamii and investigated their expression in growing shoots and leaves. Four cDNA clones, BoSus1, BoSus2, BoSus3 and BoSus4, were isolated by screening a cDNA library from etiolated bamboo shoots.

Vacuolar invertases in sweet potato: molecular cloning, characterization, and analysis of gene expression.

Two cDNAs (Ib beta fruct2 and Ib beta fruct3) encoding vacuolar invertases were cloned from sweet potato leaves, expressed in Pichia pastoris, and the recombinant proteins were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Ni-NTA agarose. The deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the cDNAs contained characteristic conserved elements of vacuolar invertases, including the sequence R[G/A/P]xxxGVS[E/D/M]K[S/T/A/R], located in the prepeptide region, Wxxx[M/I/V]LxWQ, located around the starting site of the mature protein, and an intact beta-fructosidase motif. The pH optimum, the substrate specificity, and the apparent K(m) values for sucrose exhibited by the recombinant proteins were similar to those of vacuolar invertases purified from sweet potato leaves and cell suspensions, thus confirming that the proteins encoded by Ib beta fruct2 and Ib beta fruct3 are vacuolar invertases.

A cDNA encoding vacuolar type beta-D-fructofuranosidase (Os beta fruct3) of rice and its expression in Pichia pastoris.

A vacuolar type beta-D-fructofuranosidase (Os beta fruct3) was cloned from etiolated rice seedlings cDNA library. It encodes an open reading frame of 688 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence had 58% identity to the vacuolar type beta-D-fructofuranosidase of maize (Ivr1).

Expression and characterization of sweet potato invertase in Pichia pastoris.

An invertase cDNA (Ibbetafruct1) was cloned from sweet potato leaves and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Ibbetafruct1-encoded protein was closely related to vacuolar invertases and included the WECVD catalytic domain characteristic of them. An expression plasmid containing the coding region of Ibbetafruct1 under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter was used to transform the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris.