[Effect of different fungicides on efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis on Salvia miltiorrhiza].

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provided is beneficial to Salvia miltiorrhiza for increasing yield, promoting the accumulation of active ingredients, and alleviating S. miltiorrhiza disease etc. However, the application of fungicides will affect the benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and there is little research about it.

[Effect of soil pH on efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis on Salvia miltiorrhiza].

By comparing the effects of soil pH on the efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis on Salvia miltiorrhiza， the study is aimed to provide guidance for the use of mycorrhiza in the cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza. In this experiment, the inoculant treated and the non-inoculant treated control were grown in different soil pH.

[Quality assessment of commercial rosemary based on liquid/gas chromatography and mass spectrography with multivariate statistical analysis].

A GC-MS fingerprint of rosemary oil and an UPLC fingerprint of non-volatile compounds of rosemary were established. Sixty-three kinds of volatile compounds and thirty-eight kinds of non-volatile compounds were identified tentatively using GC-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, respectively, and most of them are flavonoids, oxygenated monoterpenes, and diterpenoids, etc. According to multivariate data analysis, chemical differences existed among commercial rosemary samples, for example, the essential oil of imported rosemary sample belongs to Morocco/Tunisian type and the one of domestic sample belongs to Spanish type.

[Discussion on related problems of model species of fungus： Paecilomyces hepialid].

Paecilomyces hepiali is a new species of fungus isolated from a field collection of Ophiocordyceps sinensis from Baima snow mountain, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province by the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The specimen was identified and named as Paecilomyces hepiali by Qing-Tao Chen, the professor of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Paecilomyces hepiali) (2008), who identified a dried culture of living strain 82-2 as the holotype. Until now, the holotype (the voucher specimen) was deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (HICMM), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing.

[Effect of five fungicides on growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis].

In order to obtain the fungicides with minimal impact on efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis, the effect of five fungicides including polyoxins, jinggangmycins, thiophanate methylate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim on the growth of medicinal plant and efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis were studied. Pot cultured Glycyrrhiza uralensis was treated with different fungicides with the concentration that commonly used in the field. 60 d after treated with fungicides, infection rate, infection density, biomass indexes, photosyn- thetic index and the content of active component were measured.

[Study on microscopic identification of Astragalus complanatus and A. adsurgens seeds].

Astragalus adsurgens seed is one of the most common adulterants of Astragali Complanati Semen in the market, whose morphological characteristics are very similar with A. complanatus seeds (Astragali Complanati Semen). Many identification methods have been reported, such as morphological identification, fluorescence method, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, TLC, HPLC, protein electrophoresis and so on, but there's no much about microscopic identification.

[Stability analysis of reference gene based on real-time PCR in Artemisia annua under cadmium treatment].

In this study, Actin, 18S rRNA, PAL, GAPDH and CPR of Artemisia annua were selected as candidate reference genes, and their gene-specific primers for real-time PCR were designed, then geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT and RefFinder were used to evaluate their expression stability in the leaves of A. annua under treatment of different concentrations of Cd, with the purpose of finding a reliable reference gene to ensure the reliability of gene-expression analysis. The results showed that there were some significant differences among the candidate reference genes under different treatments and the order of expression stability of candidate reference gene was Actin > 18S rRNA > PAL > GAPDH > CPR.

[Exploration of property theory of Tibetan medicine].

Tibetan Herbal medicine has its own complete theory based on five sources doctrine. And the theories of "Liuwei", "Baxing" and "Shiqi Gongxiao" formed the basic core components of the property theory of Tibetan medicine. However, books and literature of Tibetan medicine have never been systematically expounded and discussed about it specially which thus will limit the further development of Tibetan medicine theory.

[Research wilt disease of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its pathogen].

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a highly valued traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related disorders in china, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. The wilt disease is serious in the culture of S. miltiorrhiza.

[A accurate identification method for Chinese materia medica--systematic identification of Chinese materia medica].

This paper put forward a more accurate identification method for identification of Chinese materia medica (CMM), the systematic identification of Chinese materia medica (SICMM) , which might solve difficulties in CMM identification used the ordinary traditional ways. Concepts, mechanisms and methods of SICMM were systematically introduced and possibility was proved by experiments. The establishment of SICMM will solve problems in identification of Chinese materia medica not only in phenotypic characters like the mnorphous, microstructure, chemical constituents, but also further discovery evolution and classification of species, subspecies and population in medical plants.

[Study on digitization of difference in drug color and odor of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex before and after perspiration].

Objective: To digitalize the changes in characters of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex after perspiration with colorimeter and electronic nose.

Method: With perspired and non-perspired Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex as objective, colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect their color characteristic parameter and odor characteristic parameter. Finally, an identification model was established.

[Discussion on applications and mechanisms of biocontrol microoganisms used for controlling medicinal plant soil-borne diseases].

In recent years, the soil borne disease of medicinal plants becomes severely during the process of cultivation and directly endangered the production and quality of raw materials used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The chemical pesticides have been constantly used to prevent and control the soil borne disease, but only a few are effective. Meanwhile, the excessive uses of chemical pesticides also lead pesticide residues in TCM, which often exceed limit of the standard, and harm the human health and cause environmental pollution.

Impacts of recent cultivation on genetic diversity pattern of a medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis (Lamiaceae).

Background: Cultivation of medicinal plants is not only a means for meeting current and future demands for large volume production of plant-based drug and herbal remedies, but also a means of relieving harvest pressure on wild populations. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang-qin or Chinese skullcap) is a very important medicinal plant in China. Over the past several decades, wild resource of this species has suffered rapid declines and large-scale cultivation was initiated to meet the increasing demand for its root.

[Construction on ISSR fingerprint of Magnolia officinalis from Enshi in Hubei province].

Objective: To establish the ISSR fingerprint of the cortex of Magnolia officinalis produced from Enshi.

Methods: Cultivar and habit identification was based on Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR).

Results: Two ISSR primes could be used to construct the ISSR fingerprint of M.

[Molecular mechanism and genetic basis of geoherbs].

As products of interaction of time and space, geoherbs, which are essential parts of Chinese Materia Medica, were characterized in different morphology, unique habitat, continuous and changeable sites. The main fields in molecular mechanism of geoherbs focus on: biodiversity and molecular identification, genetic different and evolutionary genetics, geo-variation and environmental adaptation, germplasm and aimed genus choosing, expression and control of functional gene, gene transfer and bio-safety evaluation. The main tasks are to discover the genetic variation at molecular level, ascertain the molecular characteristics of geoherbs and the effect of environment on gene expression of geoherbs, confirm the genetic factors attribute to the forming of geoherbs, and find out the genetic basis of geoherbs at individual level and population level, respectively.

[Study on effect of fertilizers on spring shoots growth of Akebia trifoliate].

Object: To study the effects of different kinds and amounts of fertilizers on spring shoots growth yield of Akebia trifoliate.

Method: By applying orthogonal design method, the effects of fertilizers on spring shoots growth yield were analyzed.

Result: The optimization project of applying fertilizers was K3N3J2P2, the amount of potassium fertilizer was 0.

[Comparative research on vitality and characteristics of seeds of Achyranthes bidentata in different producing area].

Objective: To study the germination property of the seeds of Achyranthes bidentata from different producing area, providing foundation for choosing the better seed resources.

Method: The germination rate, germination energy, germination index, vigor and the characteristics of the seeds of A. bidentata from different producing area were compared, and the relative electric conductivity was measured.

[Construction and application of special analysis database of geoherbs based on 3S technology].

In this paper,the structures, data sources, data codes of "the spacial analysis database of geoherbs" based 3S technology are introduced, and the essential functions of the database, such as data management, remote sensing, spacial interpolation, spacial statistics, spacial analysis and developing are described. At last, two examples for database usage are given, the one is classification and calculating of NDVI index of remote sensing image in geoherbal area of Atractylodes lancea, the other one is adaptation analysis of A. lancea.

[Studies on callus culture of Akebia trifoliata].

Objective: To investigate the inductive factors of effect on Akebia trifoliata and establish culture method for A. trifoliata callus.

Method: To study the possible effective factors of culture condition by comparing with different explantation, nutrient medium, pH, temperature, illumination, growth substance of plant and its ratio.

[Genetic diversity of Eucommia ulmoides by RAPD analysis].

Objective: To determine the genetic diversity of Eucommia ulmoides.

Method: 260 samples of 20 populations were analyzed through radom amplified polymorphic DHA (RAPD).

Result: Total polymorphic loci percentage was 96.

[RAPD analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis from different germplasms].

Objective: To provide reference for breeding Scutellaria baicalensis from different germplasms,and to explore their genetic diversities and different strains.

Method: The RAPD method was applied to the study on S. baicalensis from different germplasms by use of 14 random primers about 10 bp, and SAPD-analysis of 34 S.

[Development of the study on germplasm resources of medicinal plants: construction of core collection].

According to the successful experience of studying on crops, this paper introduced the conception of the core collection of medicinal plants, and analyzed the characteristic and the way to construct it. Studies on the core collection would fulfill the management and utilize the germplasm resources conveniently and provide a new idea and a method to study on the germplasm resources of medicinal plants. It is necessary to study on the core collection for the development of the germplasm resources of medicinal plants.

[The status and changes of soil nutrients in rhizosphere of cultivated Atractylodes lancea].

Objective: To find the status and changes of the soil nutrients in rhizosphere of Atractylodes lancea.

Method: Total nitrogen (total N), available K, available P, organic matter (ORG), available nitrogen and pH in rhizosphere soil of the wild growing A. lancea in 3 sites, MS, LT and MFS, and the cultivated ones with different ages in LT were detected.

[Genetic analysis of cultivated ginseng population with the assistance of RAPD technology].

Objective: To provide reference for breeding of cultivated ginseng by researching the genetic diversities among different strains.

Method: To make up the systematic diagram of genetic relationship by calculating the proximity coefficient with SPSS 10.0 software and clustered by between-groups linkage method.