Optimal timing of video-assisted thoracic surgery for acute pyothorax: a retrospective study.

Objective: Although the value of video-assisted thoracic surgery for acute pyothorax is becoming widely recognized, the optimal timing of surgery has not been established. Therefore, we aimed to determine the optimal timing of video-assisted thoracic surgery in acute pyothorax.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 38 consecutive video-assisted thoracic surgeries performed for acute pyothorax between January 2013 and December 2017 at our institution.

Language Barriers and Access to Psychiatric Care: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize the available evidence regarding the impact of patients' language proficiency on access to psychiatric care.

Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO was performed to identify studies published between January 1950 and July 2014 that examined the impact of language proficiency on access to and utilization of psychiatric services in the general population or among patients with psychiatric disorders. The keywords were psychiatry, language, utilization, access, and mental health care.

Adjustment of osmotic pressure coupled with change of growth mode in Spirogyra.

Spirogyra living in running water forms a rhizoid which anchors it to the substratum. Rhizoid differentiation can be induced in the laboratory by severing algal filaments. The terminal cell changes the growth mode from diffuse growth to tip growth, and finally differentiates to be a rhizoid.