Segmentation and characterization of macerated fibers and vessels using deep learning.

Purpose: Wood comprises different cell types, such as fibers, tracheids and vessels, defining its properties. Studying cells' shape, size, and arrangement in microscopy images is crucial for understanding wood characteristics. Typically, this involves macerating (soaking) samples in a solution to separate cells, then spreading them on slides for imaging with a microscope that covers a wide area, capturing thousands of cells.

Plants in Microgravity: Molecular and Technological Perspectives.

Plants are vital components of our ecosystem for a balanced life here on Earth, as a source of both food and oxygen for survival. Recent space exploration has extended the field of plant biology, allowing for future studies on life support farming on distant planets. This exploration will utilize life support technologies for long-term human space flights and settlements.

The AtCRK5 Protein Kinase Is Required to Maintain the ROS NO Balance Affecting the PIN2-Mediated Root Gravitropic Response in Arabidopsis.

The Arabidopsis AtCRK5 protein kinase is involved in the establishment of the proper auxin gradient in many developmental processes. Among others, the At mutant was reported to exhibit a delayed gravitropic response via compromised PIN2-mediated auxin transport at the root tip. Here, we report that this phenotype correlates with lower superoxide anion (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) levels but a higher nitric oxide (NO) content in the mutant root tips in comparison to the wild type (AtCol-0).

Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of pipeline transport interdiction in Niger Delta, Nigeria.

Over the years, pipelines have been the most economic medium for transporting crude oil to production and distribution facilities in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. However, damages to the pipelines in this area by interdiction have hampered the continuous flow of crude oil to the facilities. Consequently, the revenue of the government dwindles, and the environment is severely degraded.

Light Control of Salt-Induced Proline Accumulation Is Mediated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 in .

Plants have to adapt their metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions, among which the availability of light and water is crucial in determining growth and development. Proline accumulation is one of the sensitive metabolic responses to extreme conditions; it is triggered by salinity or drought and is regulated by light. Here we show that red and blue but not far-red light is essential for salt-induced proline accumulation, upregulation of () and downregulation of () genes, which control proline biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, respectively.

CRK5 Protein Kinase Contributes to the Progression of Embryogenesis of .

The fine tuning of hormone (e.g., auxin and gibberellin) levels and hormone signaling is required for maintaining normal embryogenesis.

AtCRK5 Protein Kinase Exhibits a Regulatory Role in Hypocotyl Hook Development during Skotomorphogenesis.

Seedling establishment following germination requires the fine tuning of plant hormone levels including that of auxin. Directional movement of auxin has a central role in the associated processes, among others, in hypocotyl hook development. Regulated auxin transport is ensured by several transporters (PINs, AUX1, ABCB) and their tight cooperation.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase 4-phosphorylated heat shock factor A4A regulates responses to combined salt and heat stresses.

Heat shock factors regulate responses to high temperature, salinity, water deprivation, or heavy metals. Their function in combinations of stresses is, however, not known. Arabidopsis HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A4A (HSFA4A) was previously reported to regulate responses to salt and oxidative stresses.

Effect of addition of processed bambara nut on the functional and sensory acceptability of millet-based infant formula.

Fermentation and sprouting have been shown to increase nutrient bioavailability and modify the functional properties of foods. Application of these methods in the preparation of infant foods and complementing cereals with legumes will address nutrient density and viscosity problems associated with infant foods. Infant foods were formulated from blends of treated bambara nut and pearl millet.

Functional Analysis of the CDPK-Related Kinase Family: At Regulates Responses to Continuous Light.

The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK)-Related Kinase family (CRKs) consists of eight members in . Recently, At was shown to play a direct role in the regulation of root gravitropic response involving polar auxin transport (PAT). However, limited information is available about the function of the other At genes.

Live imaging of transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 activation in Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells implanted into syngeneic mice and treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid.

Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) has been shown to play a crucial role in cell death, differentiation, and inflammation. Here, we live-imaged robust TAK1 activation in Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells implanted into the s.c.

Establishment of alternative culture method for spermatogonial stem cells using knockout serum replacement.

Since spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation to daughter cells for subsequent spermatogenesis, the development of an efficient in vitro culture system is essential for studies related to spermatogenesis. Although the currently available system is serum-free and contains only chemically-defined components, it highly relies upon bovine serum albumin (BSA), a component with batch-to-batch quality variations similar to those of fetal bovine serum. Thus, we searched for an alternative BSA-free culture system that preserved the properties of SSCs.

Histopathologic investigations of acute and subchronic toxicities of some organotin compounds in chickens.

The acute and subchronic oral toxicities of 4 organotin derivatives were investigated in chickens. The LD50 values oscillated between 200 and 400 mg/kg bw and revealed a moderate or weak toxicity. Subchronic dosing with 2 doses from each compound at 2 and 10 mg/kg bw induced dose-dependent lesions seen at necropsy and histologic examinations.

Malignant melanomas in farm animals.

Malignant melanomas in 5 horses, 1 calf, 1 cow and 2 pigs were described. The disease, in white or gray horses, was tegumentally located and generalized in the organs of the abdominal cavity. Microscopically, dendritic and fusiform pigment cells and multinucleated cells were identified.

Morphopathological findings in dog's acute toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis was clinically diagnosed in two dogs of 4 and respectively 18 months. A seven-day treatment remained inefficient and the animals died. Autopsy revealed a global inflammation of the lung, with necrotic lesions of bronchial lymph nodes and acute hyperplastic reaction of the spleen.