A novel educational outreach approach to teach Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to the public.

Review: The American Heart Association set goals in 2010 to train 20 million people annually in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to double bystander response by 2020. These ambitious goals are difficult to achieve without new approaches.

Methods: The main objective is to evaluate a new approach to cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction using a self-instructional kiosk to teach Hands-Only CPR to people at a busy international airport.

Hepatitis B virus transmission between heterosexuals.

To determine if heterosexual activity was a risk factor for acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we studied attendees at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and students at a large university. Responses to self-administered questionnaires were used to exclude persons with factors known to be related to the acquisition of HBV and to determine the number of recent (past four months) and lifetime sexual partners. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.

The control of hepatitis B virus infection with vaccine in Yupik Eskimos. Demonstration of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy under field conditions.

In 1981, a hepatitis B vaccine demonstration project was initiated among Yupik Eskimos of southwest Alaska to demonstrate that, under field conditions, the vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and efficacious. Laboratory tests for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc) performed on sera collected in May 1981 from 3,988 residents of 17 remote Eskimo villages revealed that 2,645 (66.3%) had no evidence of hepatitis B virus infection.

Hepatitis B virus transmission associated with a multiple-dose vial in a hemodialysis unit.

Ten of sixty-one patients in a maintenance hemodialysis center seroconverted to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive in August 1981. All but one were negative for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, indicating early infection, and all received dialysis on the same days. Findings of case-control study showed that all "cases" received dialysis after the early morning shift, compared to 50% of controls (p = 0.

Hepatitis B and dental personnel: transmission to patients and prevention issues.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is considered an occupational risk for dental professionals. The Centers for Disease Control have participated in eight investigations regarding dental professionals who were suspected of transmitting HBV infection to their patients. This article summarizes the findings of the investigations, the postulated mechanism of transmission of HBV, control measures suggested, and follow-up of the dental practice for those dentists who were chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen.

Prophylaxis for hepatitis A.

Hepatitis A is a common communicable disease in this country. Each diagnosed case of hepatitis A involves the problem of selecting contacts for post-exposure immunoglobulin. These decisions should be systematic, based on current knowledge of epidemiology, kinetics of viral excretion by infected persons and the influence of time on the efficacy of immunoglobulin prophylaxis.