K-line guided approach selection and outcomes assessment for Cervical Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL): A case series with literature review from Pakistan.

Objectives: To analyze the efficacy of K-line in surgical planning of approach selection for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and outcomes assessment by Nurick grading and Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series study conducted at the Departments of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore in the months of January and February 2024. Patients with complete records were considered.

Effect of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) on drug reduction for Parkinson's Disease: A retrospective observational study from Pakistan.

Objectives: To determine the effect of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) on drug reduction for Parkinson's disease (PD) in a low-middle-income country.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 49 patients following interview based questionnaires who underwent bilateral STN DBS at the Department of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan over five years (July 30, 2018 to June 29, 2023). Patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria (49 patients) were selected and the effect of bilateral STN DBS on drug reduction was evaluated.

Post-traumatic extensive chronic osteomyelitis of skull vault: An illustrative case report.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the skull base is a commonly reported pathology in existing scientific literature, but chronic osteomyelitis of the skull vault (COSV) is a rarely documented disease. We report the case of a 38 years old Afghan male with a presenting complaint of irregular swelling on the skull vault for six months. The patient had a history of head trauma one year back with a compound depressed fracture which had been surgically managed then.

Free-hand Frameless Pinless Electromagnetic-Navigation (AXIEM™)-Guided Brain Lesion Biopsies: An Institution Based Experience from a Low-Middle-Income Country.

Objectives: To evaluate the precision and safety of a novel technique of free-hand frameless pinless AXIEM™-based navigation guided biopsy of deep-seated brain lesions in a low-middle income country.

Methods: This retrospective study included 45 patients who underwent free-hand frameless pinless AXIEM™-based navigation guided biopsy of deep-seated brain lesions using the Medtronic-Stealth S7 system over a 5-year period (January 2019 to December 2023) at the Department of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Results: A total of 45 patients were included in this study.

Incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas without sellar floor reconstruction: A retrospective observational study from a low-middle-income country.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pituitary adenomas without sellar floor reconstruction (SFR).

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences (PINS), Lahore, Pakistan from January, 2018 to December, 2022. It is a non-probability based consecutive case series.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees among Post-Graduate Residents of Neurosciences - A Nationwide Analysis from Pakistan.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of post-graduate residents of neurosciences towards research ethics (RE) and research ethics committees (RECs).

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted by the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, targeting post-graduate neuroscience residents throughout Pakistan during January and February, 2024. An English-language general questionnaire, designed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of RE and RECs, was adapted to reflect local conditions.

Double encephalocele in a four-year-old girl: A case report with literature review.

Encephalocele is a congenital neural tube defect (NTD). The pathophysiology of the NTDs is exceedingly complex. Numerous explanations have been proposed to explain it.

Comparison of correction of kyphotic deformity and implant failure in percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation with index level versus long-segment pedicle screws fixation without index level for traumatic thoracolumbar junctional fractures: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare correction of kyphotic deformity (KD) and implant failure (IF) in percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation (SSPF) with index level versus long-segment pedicle screws fixation (LSPF) without index level for traumatic thoracolumbar (TL) fractures.

Methods: This prospective study comprised 56 patients who met the study's inclusion criteria from the Department of Neurosurgery at the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences in Lahore, Pakistan presented between June 2022 and May 2023. We separated them into two groups: Group-A and Group-B, each with 28 patients.

Delayed diagnosis of hydrocephalus: Negligence of enlarging head in a child by parents.

A 1-year-old girl presented with an overly enlarged head for 5 months. Negligence of parents regarding treatment for this enlarged head is concerning. Early treatment can avoid a lot of complications.

Hyperostosis frontalis interna presenting as a forehead scar in a young male.

Hyperostosis frontalis interna is a benign overgrowth of the inner table of the frontal bone. Exact etiology is unknown. The condition is often an incidental finding and requires no treatment unless there are neurological signs and symptoms.

Galassi type III arachnoid cyst presenting as a migraine of weariness.

A 24-year-old right-handed male presented with a 4-month history of migraine of weariness. Typical accompanying symptoms with migraine like nausea, vomiting, photophobia and aura were not present. Non-contrast CT brain revealed a left sided large frontotemporoparietal (Galassi Type III) arachnoid cyst.

Immediate improvement in GCS following needle aspiration of bilateral traumatic subdural effusion in a child in emergency room.

A minor head injury can cause traumatic subdural effusion in a child. They often present to pediatric emergencies initially, and there is a delayed referral to neurosurgery. In the emergency room, they should undergo subdural effusion needle aspiration, which can result in an immediate improvement in GCS.

A case report of triple neural tube defect: revisiting the multisite closure theory.

Background: Triple neural tube defects are rare. To the author's knowledge, there are only four reported cases available in the literature up to date. Controversies exist with regards to the development of neural tube defects.