The Role of Probiotics in the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Overall Impact on Management of Peptic Ulcer: A Study Involving Patients Undergoing Triple Therapy in Bangladesh.

Background infection has been identified to cause constantly recurring inflammation, leading to gastrointestinal tract disorders, including carcinoma. The standard triple therapy (STT), used to eradicate includes two antimicrobials and a proton pump inhibitor for two weeks. Other drug regimens have also been developed since exhibits antimicrobial resistance.

Reduction of household air pollution through clean fuel intervention and recovery of cellular immune balance.

Background: We conducted a clean fuel intervention trial (Bangladesh Global Environmental and Occupational Health (GEOHealth) (NCT02824237) with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for 26 months among rural Bangladeshi women chronically exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuel (BMF) use. We aimed to evaluate the effect of HAP reduction following LPG intervention on immune response outcome.

Methods: We supplied LPG cook stove and refills in cylinder in 200 households for 26 months.

Histological Study on the Thickness of Gray Matter at the Summit and Bottom of Folium in Different Age Groups of Bangladeshi People.

Context The cerebellum is a part of the hindbrain and consists of cortical gray matter (GM) at the surface and a medullary core of white matter (WM). The GM contains a cell body of neurons that helps process and transmit any command type through nerve fibers found in the WM. The main functions of GM in the central nervous system empower persons to control motor activity, recollection, and passion.

Current status of patient-reported outcome measures and other subjective assessment grading tools in bladder pain syndrome.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is characterised by chronic pain in the bladder area accompanied by urgency and/or frequency without the presence of other confusable diseases. Owing to a lack of gold standard diagnostic tests and definitive cure it is paramount to define treatment goals and validated measurements of outcomes. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are validated questionnaires completed by patients that can help to reduce ambiguity in the BPS patient treatment pathway, but they are currently underutilised.

Impact of Lockdown Measures on Health Outcomes of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh.

COVID-19 lockdown measures appreciably affected patients' lifestyles, negatively impacting on their health. This includes patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Care of these patients was also negatively impacted due to a priority to treat patients with COVID-19, certainly initially, within hospitals and clinics in Bangladesh, combined with a lack of access to clinics and physicians due to lockdown and other measures.

Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Pediatric Patients in a Metropolitan City of Bangladesh With Emphasis on Cryptosporidiosis.

Introduction Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are one of the global health concerns in developing countries like Bangladesh. Among them, spp. plays an essential role in causing diarrhea, malnutrition, and poor cognitive function, especially in children.

Women's empowerment and fertility preferences of married women: analysis of demographic and health survey'2016 in Timor-Leste.

A recently independent state, Timor-Leste, is progressing towards socioeconomic development, prioritizing women empowerment while its increased fertility rate (4.1) could hinder the growth due to an uncontrolled population. Currently, limited evidence shows that indicators of women's empowerment are associated with fertility preferences and rates.

Application of Rapid Biological Indicators Coupled With Auto-Reader for the Quality Assurance of Surgical Instruments After Sterilization at a Cardiac Hospital in Bangladesh.

Background Sterilization failure is one of the main reasons for surgical site infections (SSIs). The biological indicator (BI) test is the most reliable test to check sterilization efficiencies. But 48 hours BI test result makes the monitoring process time-consuming.

Antibody response to the first dose of AZD1222 vaccine in COVID-19 convalescent and uninfected individuals in Bangladesh.

Background: Vaccination with the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222) initially started in the UK and quickly implemented around the Globe, including Bangladesh. Up to date, more than nine million doses administrated to the Bangladeshi public.

Method: Herein, we studied the antibody response to the first dose of AZD1222 in 86 Bangladeshi individuals using in-house ELISA kits.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by antigen ELISA test is highly swayed by viral load and sample storage condition.

Background: Rapid increase in COVID-19 suspected cases has rendered disease diagnosis challenging, mainly depending upon RT-qPCR. Reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic assays that complement RT-qPCR should be introduced after thoroughly evaluating their performance upon various disease phases, viral load, and sample storage conditions.

Objective: We investigated the correlation of cycle threshold (Ct) value, which implies the viral load and infection phase, and the storage condition of the clinical specimen with the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 through our newly developed in-house rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system.

Coding-Complete Genome Sequences and Mutation Profiles of Nine SARS-CoV-2 Strains Detected from COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh.

Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequences of nine clinical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and their mutations. The samples were collected from nine Bangladeshi coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We have identified the E484K escape mutation and the S359T mutation within the spike protein coding region of the sequenced genomes.

Adjunctive vitamin D in tuberculosis treatment: meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Background: Randomised controlled trials of adjunctive vitamin D in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treatment have yielded conflicting results. Individual participant data meta-analysis could identify factors explaining this variation.

Methods: We meta-analysed individual participant data from randomised controlled trials of vitamin D in patients receiving antimicrobial therapy for pulmonary TB.

Immune responses in the treatment of drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis with phenylbutyrate and vitamin D as host directed therapy.

Background: We have previously shown that 8 weeks' treatment with phenylbutyrate (PBA) (500mgx2/day) with or without vitamin D (vitD) (5000 IU/day) as host-directed therapy (HDT) accelerated clinical recovery, sputum culture conversion and increased expression of cathelicidin LL-37 by immune cells in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In this study we further aimed to examine whether HDT with PBA and vitD promoted clinically beneficial immunomodulation to improve treatment outcomes in TB patients.

Methods: Cytokine concentration was measured in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (n = 31/group).

Aquablation: a novel and minimally invasive surgery for benign prostate enlargement.

Aquablation is a minimally invasive surgical technology for benign prostate enlargement, which uses high-pressure saline to remove parenchymal tissue through a heat-free mechanism of hydrodissection. Early results show this to be a promising surgical strategy with a strong morbidity profile and reduced resection time. This review serves to provide an overview of the technique and evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Associations of Arsenic Exposure With Telomere Length and Naïve T Cells in Childhood-A Birth Cohort Study.

There is limited knowledge of association between arsenic exposure and telomere length (TL) and signal joint T-cell receptor excision circle (sjTREC) that are potential biomarkers of immune senescence and disease susceptibility. We aimed to clarify whether long-term inorganic arsenic exposure influences TL and sjTRECs in childhood. Children born in a longitudinal mother-child cohort were followed-up at 4.

A systematic review of the literature on cystodistension in bladder pain syndrome.

Introduction And Hypothesis: There is significant variability in technique for cystodistension and an international discrepancy in the role in its treatment of bladder pain syndrome (BPS). The authors evaluate the evidence base for the use of cystodistension for BPS with particular reference to patient-related outcomes.

Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement, a prospective search and evaluation protocol was prepared and registered with the PROSPERO database (ID CRD42017053710).

Prenatal high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation has balanced effects on cord blood Th1 and Th2 responses.

Background: Antenatal vitamin D3 (vitD3) supplementation significantly increases maternal and neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentration, yet the effect of an improvement in maternal-fetal vitamin D status on the neonatal immune response is unclear.

Method: To assess the effect of prenatal vitD3 supplementation on cord blood T cell function, healthy pregnant Bangladeshi women (n = 160) were randomized to receive either oral 35,000 IU/week vitD3 or placebo from 26 to 29 weeks of gestation to delivery. In a subset of participants (n = 80), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were cultured, non-adherent lymphocytes were isolated to assess T cell cytokine responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (iCD3/iCD28), measured by multiplex assay.

A rare case of a pure testicular seminoma presenting 7 years after a pineal germinoma.

Pure testicular seminomas occurring in patients with previous intracranial germ cell tumours are extremely rare. We present such a case. A 37-year-old gentleman presented to urology after previously being treated for a pineal germinoma with steroids and radiotherapy.

Impact of colour blindness on recognition of haematuria in bladder cancer patients.

Objective: Colour blindness might lead to failure in recognizing frank haematuria. Our aim is to investigate as to whether colour-blind males who develop bladder cancer present later with less favourable histology.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred male patients with bladder cancer were assessed using Ishihara plate test for colour deficiency.