Effect of Phacoemulsification on Sub Foveal Choroidal and Central Macular Thickness as measured by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Objectives: To study the effect of Phacoemulsification on Sub Foveal Choroidal Thickness (SFCT) and Central Macular Thickness (CMT) as measured by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi from April 2021 to February 2022. One hundred eyes of 100 patients with age related cataract underwent uneventful phacoemulsification surgery.

Aldose reductase gene polymorphism rs752010122 and retinopathy in type 2 diabetics.

Objectives: To investigate the association of polymorphism in rs752010122 in aldose reductase gene with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and to determine the association and allelic frequency between the variant and the disease.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to March 2022 at Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM) Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, in collaboration with the Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised blood samples from subjects of either gender aged 40-70 years. The samples were divided into group I having diabetic retinopathy patients, group II having diabetics without retinopathy, and group III having healthy controls matched for age and gender.

Efficacy of YAG Laser Embolysis in Retinal Artery Occlusion.

Objective: To compare the anatomical and functional success between conventional medical method and Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser embolysis in retinal artery occlusion.

Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) Rawalpindi from July 2018 to May 2020. A total of 14 eyes of 14 patients were received with fovea involving branch or hemiretinal artery occlusion within 24 hours of onset of symptoms.

Change in central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, anterior chamber depth and axial length after repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Objective: To compare the effects of Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) and Scleral Buckling (SB) with reference to Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), Corneal Endothelial-Cell Density (CED), Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) and Axial Length (AL) in repair of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD).

Methods: This comparative cross sectional analytical study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi from July 2013 to July 2015. A total of 69 eyes of 69 patients which underwent repair of RRD by either PPV or SB were analyzed to compare mean change in CCT, CED, ACD and AL between two groups.

High Altitude Retinopathy Presenting as Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Soldier.

A 33-year soldier, deployed at an altitude of 3,350 meters for two years, developed unilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) in the left eye. He had no risk factor for thrombosis and all thrombophilia screenings were negative. The patient was managed with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF (Bevacizumab) every four weeks.

Visual outcome of retinal vein occlusion in patients residing at high altitude.

Objective: To study visual outcome in patients of high altitude retinopathy presenting with retinal venous occlusion.

Methods: The randomised clinical trial study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2013 to December 2015, and comprised eyes of lowlanders. Patients staying at high altitude (>8,000 feet above sea level) as part of their service duty and presented with retinal venous occlusive disease were included.

Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab combined with pan retinal photocoagulation versus panretinal photocoagulation alone in treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To compare effectiveness of pan-retinal photocoagulation alone versus panretinal photocoagulation combined with intravitreal bevacizumab on visual acuity and central macular thickness in patients presenting with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: This Randomized controlled trial was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of ophthalmology, Pakistan from Jan 2016 to Aug 2016. Seventy six eyes of 50 patients having proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema were included in the study.

Ocular Features in a Case of Nevus of Ota.

Oculodermal melanocytosis, also known as Nevus of Ota, is a hamartomatous melanocytic nevus of dermal melanocytes. It presents as a bluish grey patch on the face, which may be congenital or acquired involving the area of distribution of the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve. The nevus can be unilateral or bilateral, and, in addition to skin, it may involve ocular and oral mucosal surfaces.

Nd YAG Laser Embolysis in a Young Woman with Hemiretinal Artery Occlusion.

Retinal artery occlusion is an uncommon condition but can lead to grave consequences if not managed in time. Elderly population with other comorbid conditions like hypertension, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and stroke are commonly affected. However, this condition may affect younger population with entirely different systemic associations.

Effect of pan retinal photocoagulation on central macular thickness and visual acuity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of pan-retinal photocoagulation with Pattern Scan Laser (pascal)on best corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness in patients having proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: This study was conducted at AFIO, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Oct 2014 to Jul 2015. Sixty seven eyes of 46 patients having proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included in the study.

MACULAR COLOBOMA IN A CHILD WITH USHER SYNDROME.

Macular coloboma is a rare entity and its concomitance with Usher syndrome is described here. A 14 years male child was studied in detail along with other family members. He underwent two complete ophthalmologic examinations (4-years follow-up), including visual assessment, orthoptic evaluation, colour vision test, visual fields, corneal topography, Optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and electroretinography.

Choroidal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma presenting with cataract.

We report a case of rare involvement of the eye with choroidal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma presenting 08 years after the primary tumor was removed. The patient initially presented with cataract most probably induced by the tumor. After cataract extraction, tumor was detected when it induced vitreous involvement and retinal detachment.