Comparison of posterior cranial fossa morphometric measurements in Chiari type I patients with and without syrinx cavity on magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To compare the posterior fossa measurements of Chiari type I malformation (CHM1) patients with and without syrinx and with a control group.

Material And Methods: The patients with syrinx were divided into 2 groupd according to syrinx width/cord width (S/C) ratios: group 1 - S/C ratio < 50%; group 2 - S/C ratio > 50%. The length of the clivus, the AP length of the foramen magnum, the AP length of the posterior fossa, the perpendicular distance between the McRae line and (a) the splenium of corpus callosum, (b) the pons, and (c) the fastigium of the 160 patients and of the 160 control patients were statistically compared.

Diaphragmatic Mesothelial Cyst: Radiological Appearance and Follow-Up Results During Childhood.

To identify radiological findings of diaphragmatic mesothelial cysts (DMC) in the pediatric age group and to assess follow-up outcomes.In this study, 27 pediatric age group patients were evaluated with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging due to various clinical indications and diagnosed with DMC from May 2014 to September 2018. Age, sex, imaging indications and DMC localization, volumes in the first diagnosis, and follow-ups were retrospectively evaluated.

Subgaleal and epidural metastases of the undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver.

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is very rare and has a very poor prognosis. UESL metastases have been reported in 5%-13% of the children with UESL and most metastases reported in the literature are present at diagnosis. Metastases reported in the literature belong to the lungs, pleura, and peritoneum.

A Rare Cause of Respiratory Distress in Newborn: Huge Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma; Patient Report.

Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma is a rare benign tumor of the sinonasal tract in pediatrics and only few cases in infantile, early pediatric, and adolescent population have been reported. Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma commonly presents as respiratory difficulty, intranasal mass, or facial swelling and typically arises from the nasal septum or vestibule, lest frequently maxillary or ethmoid sinuses, orbit, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. The authors report a case of nasal chondromesench- ymal hamartoma that caused respiratory distress since birth, in a 4- week-old (28 days) infant which was arised from the medial aspect of the middle turbinate, an unexpected localization.

Evaluation of Early and Late Complications of Pediatric Liver Transplantation with Multi-slice Computed Tomography: A High-Volume Transplant Single-Center Study.

Background: To present abdominal multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) results following transplantation in pediatric patients with a liver transplantation (LT), and to create awareness of early (<3 months) and late (>3 months) complications that may occur.

Methods: This retrospective study included 119 children with an LT performed in our hospital from 2014 to 2017. The descriptive statistics relating to patients' age, gender, transplantation indications, transplantation technique, and MSCT findings were calculated, and are presented as numbers and percentages.

Comparison of Urinary Tract Dilatation and Society of Fetal Urology systems in the detection of vesicourethral reflux and renal scar.

Purpose: The presence and degree of hydronephrosis is very important in the management of many diseases of the urinary tract. In this study, we aim to compare the sensitivity and specificity of 2 classification systems that are used for hydro-nephrosis grading in ultrasound, for reflux and scar detection. The classification systems were the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) and Urinary Tract Dilatation (UTD).

Investigation of the prognostic value of psoas muscle area measurement in pediatric patients before liver transplantation: A single-center retrospective study.

Background: In this study, our aim is to investigate the prognostic value of psoas muscle area (PMA) evaluation before liver transplantation (LT) in pediatric patients.

Methods: Two hundred seventy-six patients under 18 years of age who underwent LT between January 2012 and December 2019 were included in the study. The patients' demographic, laboratory, clinical, and imaging data were scanned retrospectively.

The Change in the Renal Pelvis Anterior-Posterior Diameter Between Prevoiding and Postvoiding Status, and Its Correlation With Vesicoureteral Reflux.

In this study, our aim was to evaluate the significance of the change in renal pelvis anterior-posterior diameter (RPAPD) before and after micturition between vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)-positive and -negative patients to whom had voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed.In this study, 69 children, age ranging from 0 to 12 years, were included. Before the VCUG imaging, the RPAPD was measured first with a full bladder and then after urination via ultrasound (US).

Comprehensive Analysis of Long-term Splenic Volume Changes in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: Does It Correlate With Adverse Graft Outcomes?

Objectives: Splenomegaly and hypersplenism caused by liver failure increase the mortality and morbidity of patients even after liver transplantation if they do not regress. We evaluated the relation of splenic volume change and transplanted liver function.

Material And Methods: A total of 59 of 207 pediatric patients who had liver transplantation between 2013 and 2018 in our institute were evaluated.

Posterior fossa horns; a new calvarial finding of mucopolysaccharidoses with well-known cranial MRI features.

Background/aim: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of hereditary metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to share the previously unreported calvarial finding of internal hypertrophy of the occipitomastoid sutures (IHOMS) together with some other well-known cranial MRI findings in this patient series.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted of 80 cranial MRIs of patients who had been diagnosed and followed up with MPS from 2008 to 2019 in our center.

Advantages of early intervention with arterial embolization for intra-abdominal solid organ injuries in children.

Purpose: Active bleeding due to abdominal trauma is an important cause of mortality in childhood. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the advantages of early percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization (PTAE) procedures in children with intra-abdominal hemorrhage due to blunt trauma.

Methods: Children with blunt abdominal trauma were retrospectively included.

A Case of Cleidocranial Dysplasia with a Novel Mutation and Growth Velocity Gain with Growth Hormone Treatment.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant skeletal disorder that is characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of clavicles, failure of cranial suture closure, dental anomalies, short stature and other changes in skeletal patterning and growth. The gene responsible for pathogenesis has been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 6p21, core binding factor alpha-1 or runt related transcription factor-2 . Here we describe a CCD patient with a novel mutation in the gene.

Torsion of a wandering spleen in an adolescent with Gaucher disease.

A wandering spleen is a rare condition characterized by the malposition of the spleen due to laxity or absence of its supporting ligaments. Although Gaucher disease generally presents with massive splenomegaly, which one of the predisposing causes of a wandering spleen, literature shows only one report of a wandering spleen in a child with Gaucher disease. In this case presentation, a 13-year-oldadolescent with Gaucher disease on enzyme replacement treatment was presented, who was detected having an abdominal mass on a routine visit and diagnosed with partial torsion of a wandering spleen associated with left lobe hypoplasia of the liver.

Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging findings of children with neurologic complications after liver transplantation.

Objective: To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging findings in children diagnosed with neurologic complications after liver transplantation (LT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 39 patients diagnosed with neurologic complications following LT between 2010 and 2016. Neuroradiologic imaging was performed using cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Evaluation of aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics with phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging in normal pediatric cases.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine differences according to age groups and gender in the parameters of aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in childhood using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 47 boys and 36 girls for a total of 83 healthy children. The cases were divided into three groups depending on age as infants (1-12 months), children (12-120 months), and adolescents (120-204 months).

A rare cause of infant facial paralysis: atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour located in the cerebellopontine angle.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (ATRT) is a rare malignant tumour of the central nervous system with embryonal roots. The majority are seen in early childhood and location is often in the posterior fossa. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used in treatment.

MRI and MR spectroscopy findings of a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis affecting the corpus callosum.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, slowly progressive, fatal, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that is seen mostly in children and young adolescents, and primarily affects the parieto-occipital lobes. The corpus callosum, cerebellum and basal ganglia are less frequently involved. MR spectroscopy (MRS) may illustrate the pathophysiological features of SSPE.

A novel ERCC6 splicing variant associated with a mild Cockayne syndrome phenotype.

Background: Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive, heterogeneous syndrome with classical features, including short stature, microcephaly, developmental delay, neuropathy, and photosensitivity. New genomic approaches offer improved molecular diagnostic potential.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was employed to study a consanguineous extended family with severe short stature and variable presentations of peripheral neuropathy, lipoatrophy, photosensitivity, webbed neck, and hirsutism.

Traumatic central cord syndrome in a 2-year-old child: minor trauma but major complication.

Background: Traumatic central cord syndrome (TCCS) is the most frequently encountered incomplete spinal cord injury, and it is a relatively rare situation in children younger than 15 years, but may have serious consequences.

Methods: We report the case of a 2-year-old female child with upper extremity weakness following a simple fall. All vitals and systemic examination findings were normal, except for 2/5 muscular strength in the upper extremities.

Cerebral atrophy and subdural haemorrhage after cerebellar and cerebral infarcts in an 8-month-old child after having been stung by a scorpion.

A scorpion sting causing cerebellar and cerebral infarctions with corpus callosum involvement and bilateral cerebral atrophy with subdural haemorrhage in an 8-month-old girl, has not been previously described to the best of our knowledge.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with unconnected liver lesion.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic renal inflammation characterized by destruction and replacement of its parenchyma with granulomatous tissue. This uncommon condition is rare in children. We report on a 5-month-old male infant with a left renal and hepatic mass detected by ultrasound.