A heart transplant recipient lost due to Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia under trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis: case report.

Infections in solid-organ transplant recipients are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. A primary goal in organ transplant is the prevention or effective treatment of infection, which is the most common life-threatening complication of long-term immunosuppressive therapy. A 21-year-old woman who underwent heart transplant 3 years previous owing to dilated cardiomyopathy was referred to our hospital with symptoms of high fever and cough.

Advanced MRI findings in patients with breast hamartomas.

Purpose: Although it has been stated that breast hamartomas are rare tumors, radiologists frequently encounter them in their daily practices. Fat, glandular and fibrous tissues all produce a mass of disorganized but mature specialized cells. Because hamartomas do not have specific diagnostic histological features, the clinical and radiological findings are important in their diagnosis.

Interpedicular approach in percutaneous sacroplasty for treatment of sacral vertebral body pathologic fractures.

For this technique, bone needle is introduced into the S1 vertebral body through the interpedicular route by penetrating the central spinal canal at the level of S3-4 and passing through the vertebral body of S2-3 parallel to the anterior border of sacrum. With the interpedicular approach, two sacral vertebral bodies can be injected in one session and lower sacral body injection also is available. interpedicular technique is a safe, practical, and effective technique for the treatment of sacral vertebral body pathologic fractures.

Diffusion-weighted images differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules.

Purpose: To reveal the possible role of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by comparing the results of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Materials And Methods: In an 18-month period (December 2005 to May 2007), 27 cases with benign thyroid nodules with a total of 52 benign nodules, nine cases with thyroid gland malignancy, and 24 healthy control cases were included in the study. Cases that were indicated to undergo to FNAC examination and sent by a clinician for biopsy to the radiology unit were included in the study to assess the cytopathologic confirmation of the clinic, ultrasonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Incontinentia pigmenti: a case report and literature review.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare, X-linked dominant disorder that presents at or soon after birth with characteristic cutaneous signs. The eyes and central nervous system are the next most commonly affected systems. We aimed to describe the ophthalmological, neurological and radiodiagnostic findings of a patient with IP and bilateral retinal detachment.

Microstructural changes in uterine leiomyomas and myometrium: a diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study.

Although morphological and histopathological changes in uterine leiomyomas have been investigated in detail, the microstructural disruptions could not be studied in the living organism. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a novel tool to assess microstructural changes in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize the diffusional property of leiomyomatous tissues with DWI.

Neuroimaging findings in hyperargininemia.

In hyperarginenemia, there is a defect in argininase enzyme, which is a catalyzer of urea cycle. Though the pathogenesis of neuronal damage in hyperargininemia is not clear, high serum and cerebrospinal fluid arginine levels can be directly related with neuronal damage. In this study, our aim was to assess brain magnetic resonance images and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) patterns of two siblings with hyperarginenemia.

Isolated preauricular pits and tags: is it necessary to investigate renal abnormalities and hearing impairment?

We investigated the incidence and co-existence of hearing impairment and renal abnormalities in healthy children with preauricular tags and pits. Study population consists of 13,740 primary school children from routine health check. Thirty-five children with preauricular tags and pits were noted.

[Chondroradionecrosis in two patients with laryngeal carcinoma].

Postradiotherapy necrosis in the larynx is a rare but serious complication. It must be differentiated from tumor recurrence with radiological and histopathological studies. Herein, we presented two patients with stage II and stage IV larynx carcinoma who developed chondroradionecrosis following radiotherapy.

[Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging findings of mass lesions of the pontocerebellar angle].

Objectives: The differential diagnosis of mass lesions of the pontocerebellar angle is not always possible by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we investigated the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma, meningioma, and paraganglioma.

Patients And Methods: Twelve patients (8 females, 4 males; mean age 47.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy features of normal-appearing white matter in patients with acute brucellosis.

We aimed to evaluate whether the subtle metabolic cerebral changes are present in normal-appearing white matter on conventional MRI, in patients with acute brucellosis, by using MR spectroscopy (MRS). Sixteen patients with acute brucellosis and 13 healthy control subjects were investigated with conventional MRI and single-voxel MRS. Voxels were placed in normal-appearing parietal white matter (NAPWM).

1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the normal testis: preliminary findings.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the pre- and postpubertal 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic characteristics of the normal testis to establish baseline values for further clinical studies.

Materials And Methods: The subjects consisted of male volunteers, of whom 19 were prepubertal with ages between 7 and 13 years and 24 were postpubertal with ages between 19 and 39 years. Their testes were evaluated at 1.

Diffusion-weighted imaging evaluation of subtle cerebral microstructural changes in intrauterine fetal hydrocephalus.

Objective: Hydrocephalus is an important etiological factor in neurological decline. With the advent of fetal ultrasound, fetal hydrocephalus is now more frequently detected than in the past. Ultrasonography (USG) provides information on general morphology, but microstructural changes that may play a prognostic role are beyond the resolution of that technique.

Unilateral reverse ocular bobbing caused by tuberous sclerosis.

A female aged 12 months with developmental delay and left-sided reverse ocular bobbing (rapid deviation of the eye upward and a slow return to the horizontal position) was observed. At birth, an upper left gingival mass, pathologically diagnosed as a benign granular cell tumour, was removed. On computed tomography (CT), left middle cerebral pedincular and midpontine lesions were seen.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic characteristics of glutaric aciduria type II.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of a 12-year-old female patient with glutaric aciduria type II was compared with data obtained from four healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. In the clinically active phase, conventional magnetic resonance imaging showed mild ventricular dilatation. Frontal lobe choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio (1.

Clinical outcomes of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy evaluated with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Detection of early phase neurological deficit in babies with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most important step to determine the appropriate preventive treatment methods. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the most sensitive radiological modality to detect ischemic changes in the brain, in their earliest phase. Herein, we present the results of our study about the role of DWI in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis of HIE in neonates.

Computed tomography virtual laryngoscopy: comparison between radiological and otolaryngological evaluations for laryngeal carcinoma.

Objectives: We evaluated the utility of computed tomography virtual laryngoscopy (CTVL) in identifying endolaryngeal lesions in laryngeal tumors.

Patients And Methods: Virtual laryngoscopic images were obtained from axial CT scans of 21 patients with known laryngeal carcinoma. Findings from rigid telescopic videolaryngoscopy (RTV) and CTVL images were evaluated and compared with reference to operative records.

The incidence of atopy in adults with recurrent secretory otitis media: screening with Phadiatop.

Objectives: This is a preliminary report of a relatively new method, Phadiatop, in screening atopic adult patients with recurrent secretory otitis media (SOM). The sensitivity and specificity, and its use in atopic adult patients with recurrent SOM were evaluated.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-four patients (54 females, 30 males; mean age 36.

Diffusion weighted MR findings of brain involvement in tuberous sclerosis.

Purpose: Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) is effective in identifying microstructural cerebral parenchymal changes. We studied the diffusion characteristics of hamartomas and normal white matter in cases with tuberous sclerosis (TS).

Materials And Methods: Diffusion weighted images of 6 TS cases (ages between 3 - 15 years, mean 9.

The effect of intravenous gadolinium-DTPA on diffusion-weighted imaging.

Introduction: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is usually performed before injection of intravenous paramagnetic contrast medium. Occasionally, it may be necessary to perform or to repeat DWI after such administration. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of intravenous gadodiamide (Gd [DTPA-BMA]) on DWI.

Effect of nasal septal deviation on total ethmoid cell volume.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nasal septal deviation (NSD) on ethmoid cell volume and to determine whether there was any correlation between NSD grade and ethmoid cell volume.

Methods: Forty computerized tomography (CT) scans from patients with rhinosinusitis symptoms with NSD were evaluated. Septal deviations were classified into three groups according to the degree of deviation on CT.

Quantitative evaluation of brain involvement in ataxia telangiectasia by diffusion weighted MR imaging.

Objective: To evaluate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosing ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and to investigate the spatial distribution of cerebral microstructural changes caused by the disease.

Methods: Six AT patients (9-13 years) and nine healthy control subjects were examined on 1.5 T scanner.

Spontaneous bilateral intrasphenoidal lateral encephaloceles: CT and MRI findings.

Lateral intrasphenoidal encephaloceles are rare anomalies. We describe a unique case in which spontaneous bilateral intrasphenoidal lateral encephaloceles were discovered in a 53-year-old man during a work-up for cerebrospinal fluid leak. We discuss our clinical findings and the results of preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.