Comparison of classical methods for bone age determination with Capitohamate planimetry on wrist X-rays.

Background/aim: This study aims to compare the Greulich-Pyle (GP) and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW2) methods, both used in left wrist radiography for bone age determination in the pediatric age group, with the Capitohamatum method (CH) due to the importance of determining bone age in the pediatric period.

Materials And Methods: Direct radiographs of 210 female and 291 male individuals between the ages of 0-15 without any pathology in the left wrist bones were obtained; 501 os capitatum and os hamatum on anterior-to-posterior direct graphic images were measured using the GP, TW2, and CH planimetry methods. The estimated age of each measurement was calculated by evaluating the relationship between chronological age and sex.

Bone Mineral Density in the Scaphoid.

: The scaphoid bone is essential for wrist stability and movement. While fractures commonly occur at the scaphoid's waist, those at the proximal pole, though rarer, tend to result in nonunion, potentially linked to variations in bone mineral density (BMD). Previous studies have shown an increase in BMD at the proximal pole in fractured scaphoids, but BMD distribution in intact scaphoids has not been well studied.

Relationship between cervical spinal cord morphometry and clinical disability in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that commonly affects the cervical part of the spinal cord. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cervical spinal cord atrophy and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis patients.

Methods: We examined the cervical spinal cord area measurements of 64 multiple sclerosis patients and 64 healthy control groups over the images obtained by a T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging device.

Differences in the anatomical structure of the uterus between fertile and infertile individuals.

Infertility affects a significant portion of the reproductive population and is caused by structural and hormonal factors. The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies is 3%-4%, with the most common anomaly being septate uterus. However, further research is needed to determine whether these anomalies can cause infertility.

Morphometric and morphological evaluation of the optic canal in three different parts in MDCT images.

Purpose: This study aimed to classify the morphometry and variations of optic canal by examining its changes according to gender and body side, and developments according to age.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the orbit and paranasal sinus computerized tomography images of 200 individuals (age range 3 months-90 years;106 female, 94 male). In this study, three different parts of optic canal in evaluated morphometric and morphological.

Morphometric examination of trigeminal nerve and its adjacent structures in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a case-control study.

Background: Morphological differences that can lead the trigeminal nerve to neurovascular conflict and a new solitary pontine lesion are associated with the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). In this case-control study, we aimed to contribute to the current discussions about the pathogenesis of TN by investigating the anatomical structures that may have an effect on the morphometric parameters of the trigeminal nerve.

Methods: This study included 25 patients with TN followed up for pain in the Department of Algology, Faculty of Medicine, and 25 age- and gender-matched controls.

Morphometric evaluation and classification of the superior orbital fissure on 3D MDCT images.

The anatomy of the superior orbital fissure is very important because of the spaces it connects, the regions it is adjacent to, and the structures it contains. We aimed to study the width, length and types of the structure, their change according to gender, body sides, and age. The fissure shape has many variations that are not easy to systematize.

Anatomical variations of the superficial palmar arch in human fetuses.

The superficial palmar arch is an important anatomical structure that contributes to the arterial supply of the palmar side of the hand in the upper extremity. However, there is limited information on the embryological morphological structure of the superficial palmar arch in the literature. We studied the types of the superficial palmar arch and determined their variations by dissecting 80 upper extremities of 40 formalin-fixed human fetuses (19 males, 21 females) 18-37 weeks of age.

External ear anatomy and variations in neonates.

It is aesthetically important that the auricle has a natural and beautiful shape. The sizes, position and symmetry of normal auricle are used for different purposes in different disciplines. A deformation in the auricle of neonates and its size or location on the face may indicate a possible anomaly.

study of the toxic and teratogenic effects of prednisolone, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetile on embryological development of rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the glucocorticoid prednisolone, the mycophenolic acid prodrug, azathioprine, and the fungi fermentation end product, mycophenolate mofetile on the embryological development of rats. Nine day-old rat embryos were cultured in rat serum containing prednisolone at varying concentrations (5-30 µg/ml) for 48 h. The test groups were cultured separately in rat serum containing 0.

Classification and volumetric study of the sphenoid sinus on MDCT images.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the position and size of the sphenoid sinus (SS) in our study and compare the results of the measurements relative to age, gender, and the presence of pituitary adenoma using multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the paranasal sinus computerized tomography (CT) images of 200 individuals (age range of all the individuals 4-84 years; 101 females, 99 males; age range of individuals with pituitary adenoma 15-63 years; 15 females, 9 males) with 24 pituitary adenomas. The shape of SS were identified and classified, volume were measured by MDCT also for individuals with pituitary adenoma.

Evaluation of the facet joints with magnetic resonance images in the patients with disc degeneration and spondylolisthesis.

Purpose: We aimed to research in detail the morphology of the facet orientation (FO) and tropism (FT) in degenerative diseases.

Method: This study consisted of patients with disc degeneration (DD) and with lumbar spondylolisthesis (LS) as well as a control group without these two diseases. The group of patients with DD was separated by DD grades.

Reevaluation of Mandibular Morphometry According to Age, Gender, and Side.

Aim: This study aims to reevaluation the linear and angular measurements of mandibles with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) that is a new method and used frequently in recent years.

Materials And Methods: The archived MDCT images of 100 adult patients (age range, 15-74 years) without mandibular operation and trauma history were evaluated retrospectively. Mandibular ramus heights, maximal mandibular length, mandibular symphysis height, mandibular angles, and mandibular foramen distance measurements were performed on MDCT images.

Mental foramen and lingual vascular canals of mandible on MDCT images: anatomical study and review of the literature.

The mental foramen and lingual vascular canals are related to vessels and nerves in the mandibular body. The aim of the present study was to determine the number and location of these structures and to make measurements of them. The archived Multidetector Computed Tomography images of 100 adult (15- to 70-year-old) patients were evaluated retrospectively.

Prevalence of pneumatized uncinate process and accompanying neighboring variations.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of uncinate process (UP) pneumatization and also to investigate the association of UP pneumatization with concurrent morphological variations in neighboring structures and the presence of maxillary sinusitis.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study where coronal computed tomography scans of 1,500 UPs in 750 patients (483 males, 267 females; mean age 36.3±14.

The effect of the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium on the maxillary sinus.

This study was conducted to investigate the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium and its effects on the maxillary sinus, and the concurrent occurrence of morphological variations of neighboring anatomical structures. This study was performed in a tertiary referral center. This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that evaluated coronal CTs of patients to determine the frequency of the accessory maxillary ostium and investigated any simultaneous morphological variations in neighboring anatomical structures.

Investigation of developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and their combinations with prednisolone.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the toxic and teratogenic effects of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus and their combinations with prednisolone using an in vitro rat embryo culture technique. Cyclosporine A (4-40 μg/ml), tacrolimus (1-20 μg/ml) and combinations of these drugs with prednisolone (20 μg/ml) at different concentrations were tested. Cyclosporine A and its combination with prednisolone were determined to have toxic effects on embryonic growth after 10 μg/ml.

A morphometric analysis of the superior cervical ganglion and its surrounding structures.

Purpose: The aim of this cadaveric study was to detect the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in a topographic manner according to vertebrae and to determine the relationship between the vertebrae, mandibular angle and longus colli muscle through morphometric analysis.

Methods: The present study was performed on 40 SCG of 20 human cadavers (16 males, 4 females). The level of the SCG was determined based on the vertebrae.

Communications between the palmar digital branches of the median and ulnar nerves: A study in human fetuses and a review of the literature.

In this study, median nerves (MNs) and ulnar nerves (UNs) were dissected in 200 palmar sides of hands (left and right) of 100 (50 male, 50 female) spontaneously aborted fetuses with no detectable malformations. The fetuses, whose gestational ages ranged from 13 to 40 weeks, were dissected under an operating microscope. The MN divided first into a lateral ramus and a medial ramus and then formed a common digital nerve.

Investigation and review of myocardial bridges in adult cadaver hearts and angiographs.

Purpose: We aimed to compare the myocardial bridges (MBs) both in the coronary angiography and cadavers.

Methods: Morphological (length, thickness, deepness, the angle between the long axis of vessel and location) and angiographic properties (length, degree of systolic obstruction, frequency) of the MBs were evaluated in 50 adult cadaver hearts and in 1,321 cineangiograms.

Results: Myocardial bridges were observed in 32 of the cadaver hearts (64%) and 100 of cineangiograms (7.

The motor branches of median and ulnar nerves that innervate superficial flexor muscles: a study in human fetuses.

Purpose: We aimed to describe the distribution of the motor branches of the median and ulnar nerves that innervate the superficial flexor muscles in detail, as well as to determine any communication between these two nerves in a series of 100 human fetuses.

Methods: This study was performed on 200 upper limbs from 100 fetuses. However, the motor branches of the median nerve were determined on 50 upper limbs because of the developmental properties of medial epicondylar muscles.

The course and variations of the branches of the musculocutaneous nerve in human fetuses.

The course and branches of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) were dissected in 140 human fetal arms. The MCN entered the superior, middle, and inferior part of coracobrachialis in 43%, 37%, and 17% of arms, respectively, and the remaining 3% did not pierce coracobrachialis. The motor branches to biceps were classified as follows: Type 1 (83.

Possibility of middle meningeal artery-to-petrous internal carotid artery bypass: an anatomic study.

The possibility of creating a middle meningeal artery (MMA)-to-petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) bypass was investigated in six cadavers (bilaterally). Such a procedure could be used to treat patients with high cervical vascular lesions and those with tumors of the infratemporal fossa invading the high cervical ICA. After a frontotemporal craniotomy, the foramen spinosum and foramen ovale were exposed extradurally.