Hydatid bone disease of the femur.

Osseous hydatid disease is caused by the parasitic tapeworm Echinococcus. The species most responsible for hydatid disease is Echinococcus granulosus, endemic especially in sheep-rearing districts like Mediterranean countries and Australia. In Turkey, the exact incidence of human hydatid disease is not known, but < or =34% of asymptomatic farmers have positive serology.

Reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations by Spaso technique: clinical results.

The Spaso technique consists of forward flexion, external rotation, and gentle traction for the reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations with the patient in the supine position. The aim of this prospective study was to assess clinical efficacy of the Spaso technique and to evaluate its complications. We prospectively evaluated 52 shoulder dislocations using the Spaso technique.