A new nano approach to prevent tumor growth in the local treatment of glioblastoma: Temozolomide and rutin-loaded hybrid layered composite nanofiber.

Total resection of glioblastoma (GB) tumors is nearly impossible, and systemic administration of temozolomide (TMZ) is often inadequate. This study presents a hybrid layered composite nanofiber mesh (LHN) designed for localized treatment in GB tumor bed. The LHN, consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and core-shell polylactic acid layers, was loaded with TMZ and rutin.

Mediation of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Regenerative Effect of Uridine in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury.

Aim: To investigate the possible mediation of epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regenerative effect of uridine in a sciatic nerve transection rat model.

Material And Methods: Fifty adult male rats were randomized to sham, control, and uridine groups. After unilateral transection and primary anastomosis of the right sciatic nerve, a single daily dose of saline (1 ml/kg; sham and control groups) or uridine (500 mg/kg; uridine group) was injected intraperitoneally for a week.

Neurosurgery training camp for medical student: experience of the Turkish neurosugery academy and Bursa Uludag University.

Introduction: To highlight the importance of hands-on experiences and mentorship in shaping the future workforce of specialized medical professionals via a Neurosurgery Training Camp.

Methods: Responses of the questionnaire regarding the Neurosurgery Training Camp organized by Bursa Uludag University's Faculty of Medicine and the Turkish Neurosurgery Academy were reviewed retrospectively. A one-day program was organized to introduce neurosurgery to medical students.

Repeat Microvascular Decompression for Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Aim: To review our experience with patients presenting with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and who have undergone repeat microvascular decompression surgery (rMVD).

Material And Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery at a university hospital. Patients who initially experienced complete pain relief after the first MVD but later had a recurrence of TN symptoms which required an rMVD were included in the study.

Extraforaminal Microdiscectomy for Upper Lumbar Disc Herniations: A Minimally Invasive Alternative Surgical Approach.

Background: Various methods and techniques have been developed for extraforaminal decompression, particularly for far lateral lumbar disc herniation. Distinct anatomical differences are noticeable in the upper levels of the lumbar spine, which may complicate the related surgical approach. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficiency of the far lateral extraforaminal approach for the upper lumbar disc.

Sodium-fluorescein-guided awake surgery for cerebral metastases located in eloquent brain areas: technical notes and preliminary experiences.

Background/aim: Awake craniotomy (AC) maximizes the resection of lesions in eloquent brain areas while preserving functionality. Tumor delineation with intraoperative use of sodium fluorescein (NaFl) facilitates total resection. When used with AC, it may allow for safe resection without increasing the risk of postoperative neurologic deficits.

Insights into neuroinflammatory mechanisms of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, involves gradual degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, leading to neuronal loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta and dopamine depletion. Molecular factors, including neuroinflammation, impaired protein homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contribute to the neuronal loss. Deep brain stimulation, a form of neuromodulation, applies electric current through stereotactically implanted electrodes, effectively managing motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease patients.

The interplay between neuroinflammatory pathways and Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder predominantly affecting elderly, is marked by the gradual degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, culminating in neuronal loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and dopamine depletion. At the molecular level, neuronal loss in the SNpc has been attributed to factors including neuroinflammation, impaired protein homeostasis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting oxidative stress. This review focuses on the interplay between neuroinflammatory pathways and Parkinson's disease, drawing insights from current literature.

Co-loading of Temozolomide with Oleuropein or rutin into polylactic acid core-shell nanofiber webs inhibit glioblastoma cell by controlled release.

Glioblastoma (GB) has susceptibility to post-surgical recurrence. Therefore, local treatment methods are required against recurrent GB cells in the post-surgical area. In this study, we developed a nanofiber-based local therapy against GB cells using Oleuropein (OL), and rutin and their combinations with Temozolomide (TMZ).

Diabetes Mellitus-Mediated MALAT1 Expression Induces Glioblastoma Aggressiveness.

Aim: To describe the role of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in glioblastoma (GB) progression in patients concurrently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material And Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples of 47 patients diagnosed with GB only and 13 patients diagnosed with GB and DM (GB-DM) were enrolled in this study. Data for p53 and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining of the tumors and blood HbA1c levels of patients with DM were retrospectively collected.

Leaf Phenolics Oleuropein, Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Rutin Induce Apoptosis and Additionally Affect Temozolomide against Glioblastoma: In Particular, Oleuropein Inhibits Spheroid Growth by Attenuating Stem-like Cell Phenotype.

The effects of leaf extract (OLE) phenolics, including oleuropein (OL), hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TYR), and rutin against glioblastoma (GB), independently and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), were investigated in T98G and A172 cells. Cell growth was assessed by WST-1, real-time cell analysis, colony formation, and cell cycle distribution assays. A dual acridine orange propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining and annexin V assay determined cell viability.

Hemorrhagic presentation of previously silent brain tumors.

Introduction And Objectives: Acute presentation with intracranial hemorrhage owing to a previously silent brain tumor (BT) is rare. Although any BT can bleed, the frequency and type of bleeding varies across tumor types.

Materials And Methods: We aimed to retrospectively review our experience with 55 patients with BTs presenting with ICH.

A clinical evaluation of gelastic and dacrystic seizures: a multicenter study.

Background: Gelastic seizures are extremely rare, short-lasting, unprovoked, and uncontrollable laughing attacks. We conducted this retrospective evaluation to determine whether these symptoms, manifesting in different forms, such as cheerful laughter, laughing, smiling, and sobbing had any value in terms of etiology or localization.

Methods: A total of 31 patients who exhibited bouts of laughing or crying and who were under follow-up between 2000 and 2019 at tertiary epilepsy centers were included in the study.

Uridine treatment improves nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Aim: Peripheral nerve regeneration remains an issue, and novel therapeutic approaches are required for functional recovery. This study investigated the regenerative potential and long-term functional effects of Uridine treatment in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Material And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive sham surgery plus saline (Sham group), right sciatic nerve transection and primary repair plus saline (Control group), right sciatic nerve transection, and primary repair plus 500 mg/kg Uridine (Uridine group).

Long non-coding RNAs as a predictive markers of group 3 medulloblastomas.

ObjectiveThe appropriate treatments for the different molecular subgroups of medulloblastomas are challenging to determine. Hence, this study aimed to examine the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) to determine a marker that may be important for treatment selection in these subgroups.MethodsChanges in the expression of LncRNAs in the tissues of patients with medulloblastoma, which are classified into four subgroups according to their clinical characteristics and gene expression profiles, were examined via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

A Rare Cause of Epilepsy: Ulegyria Revisited in a Series of 10 Patients.

Ulegyria results from perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in term infants. The specific mushroom-shaped configuration of ulegyria results from small atrophic circumvolutions at the bottom of a sulcus underlying an intact gyral apex. Clinically, ulegyria is generally associated with epilepsy.

Coexistence of TERT C228T mutation and MALAT1 dysregulation in primary glioblastoma: new prognostic and therapeutic targets.

: This study was designed to conduct molecular classification based on , and changes in pediatric and adult primary glioblastoma (GB) and to analyze the potential interaction of LncRNA MALAT1 in the determined homogeneous subgroups. We analyzed the expression profiles of and MALAT1 using the qRT-PCR method and and mutation status using DNA sequencing analysis in 85 primary pediatric and adult GB patients. mutation was observed in 5 (5.

Comparison of Clinical and Molecular Wnt and SHH Subgroups in Medulloblastoma Tumor Cases.

Aim: To determine the Wnt and SHH subtypes at the molecular level, and to compare them clinically by examining the changes in CTNNB1, AXIN, PTCH1, SMO, SUFU, and GLI1 mRNA expression in the medulloblastoma of a Turkish population determined according to patient selection criteria. In this context, the clinical distinction between Wnt and SHH groups are realized by considering the age, gender, survival time, location of the lesion, and radiological features of the patients.

Material And Methods: Molecular separation was performed by RT-PCR analysis of CTNNB1, AXIN, PTCH1, SMO, SUFU, and GLI1 mRNA expression changes.

Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Systemic Uridine Treatment in an Experimental Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury.

Aim: To investigate the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects of systemic uridine treatment in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Material And Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were equally randomized to Sham, Control, U100, and U500 groups. Sham rats received a sham operation by exposing the right sciatic nerve without transection, while those in the Control, U100, and U500 groups underwent right sciatic nerve transection followed by immediate primary anostomosis.

NEAT1 Is a Novel Oncogenic LncRNA and Correlated with miR-143 in Pediatric Oligodendrogliomas.

Introduction: The noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a role in biological processes of various cancers including gliomas. The majority of these transcripts are uniquely expressed in differentiated tissues or specific glioma types. Pediatric oligodendroglioma (POG) is a rare subtype of diffuse glioma and accounts for <1% of pediatric brain tumors.

The Evaluation of Survivin and Bcl-2 Expression on the Medical Radiation Doses for Neural Tube Defect Development.

Aim: To investigate the effects of different radiation doses on the development of the neural tube defect in chick embryos using computed tomography (CT), and assess its correlation with survivin and Bcl-2 expressions.

Material And Methods: A total of 150 chicken eggs were used and grouped into five categories. In Group 1 (n=30), the embryos were not exposed to radiation.

CT-Guided Percutaneous Trigeminal Tractotomy-Nucleotomy for Intractable Craniofacial Pain.

Object: In this report, we aimed to analyze the outcome results of our patients who underwent percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy (TR) and nucleotomy (NC) procedures, which are defined as destructive procedures targeting the descending trigeminal tractus and nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, respectively, for intractable craniofacial pain.

Methods: The medical records of a total of 12 patients who underwent a total of 14 computed tomography (CT)-guided TR-NC procedures at our clinics between 2005 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: A significant increase in patients' performance status (p = 0.

The Efficacy and Safety of Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: A Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Outcomes and Complications.

Aim: To determine the efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) by retrospectively reviewing our results.

Material And Methods: A total of 55 patients who underwent MVD in our clinic between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical outcome results, recurrence rates, and surgical complications were noted.

Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 may be a prognostic biomarker in IDH1/2 wild-type primary glioblastomas.

Primary glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive type of brain tumors. While mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes are frequent in secondary GBs and correlate with a better prognosis, most primary GBs are IDH wild-type. Recent studies have shown that the long noncoding RNA metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) is associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes in different cancers.

Nuances to provide ideas for radiologic diagnosis in primary spinal paragangliomas: report of two cases.

Spinal paragangliomas are rarely-observed neuroendocrine benign tumors in the extra-adrenal paraganglionic system. Primary spinal involvement is even rarer. Radiologic differential diagnosis is not easy.