Evaluation of probiotics' efficiency on cariogenic bacteria: randomized controlled clinical study.

Background: Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria to human health and their efficiency on oral health is still being investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species with and without the use of probiotics for six-months after the treatment of all dental caries under general anesthesia.

Methods: Fifty-eight pediatric patients without any systemic diseases, whose dental treatments were completed under general anesthesia (GA), were included in the study.

In vitro activity of cefiderocol against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carrying various β-lactamase encoding genes.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the in vitro efficacy of cefiderocol in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates and evaluate the disk-diffusion (DD) method as an alternative method to broth-microdilution (BMD).

Methods: Totally 89 CRAB isolates were included. Cluster analysis was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE).

Biological and genomic characteristics of three novel bacteriophages and a phage-plasmid of .

Bacteriophages have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize phages infecting carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producer isolates. Water samples were taken for the isolation of bacteriophages.

Evaluation of the Lytic Activity of Various Phage Cocktails Against, ESBL-Producer, Non-Producer and Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates.

Unlabelled: Bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative therapy for the treatment of bacterial infections. This research aims to determine the lytic activity of bacteriophage-cocktails (BC) against carbapenem-resistant (CR-EC), ESBL-producer (EP-EC), and non-producer (NP-EC) isolates. Related resistance genes in 87 isolates were screened by PCR.

Comparative activities of omadacycline, eravacycline and tigecycline against non-ESBL-producing, ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant isolates of .

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant are characterized by the World Health Organization as pathogens for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Omadacycline and eravacycline are two novel antibacterials within the tetracycline class. There are limited data regarding the comparison of the activities of omadacycline, eravacycline and tigecycline against isolates with different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.

Retrospective evaluation of viral respiratory tract infections in a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey (2016-2019).

Introduction: Viruses are responsible for two-thirds of all acute respiratory tract infections. This study aims to retrospectively detect respiratory tract viruses in patients from all age groups who visited the hospital.

Methodology: A total of 1592 samples from 1416 patients with respiratory tract symptoms were sent from several clinics to the Molecular Microbiology Laboratory at Gazi University Hospital from February 2016 to January 2019.

Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bacillus Pseudo-Outbreak due to Contaminated Culture Tubes Containing Stuart Medium.

Background: It is challenging to determine whether Bacillus species other than Bacillus anthracis cause infections. Pseudo and true outbreaks of Bacillus spp. have been noted.

Comparison of in vitro activities of plazomicin and other aminoglycosides against clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

Objectives: To compare the in vitro activity of plazomicin and two older aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin) against 180 isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, including subsets of 60 non-ESBL-producing, 60 ESBL-producing and 60 carbapenem-resistant (46 carrying blaOXA-48, 11 carrying blaNDM and 3 carrying blaOXA-48 and blaNDM) strains.

Methods: MICs of plazomicin, gentamicin and amikacin were determined by a gradient diffusion method. Gentamicin and amikacin MICs were interpreted according to CLSI criteria and EUCAST breakpoint tables.

[Determination of Biofilm Formation Properties of Methicillin Sensitive and Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by Conventional and Molecular Methods].

Biofilm-related infections are considered as among the foremost causes of treatment failure nowadays. One of the most common causes of biofilm-related infections is Staphylococcus aureus. It becomes extremely difficult to determine the appropriate treatment protocol while biofilm-related infections are coexisting with bacterial methicillin resistance.

In vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam against clinical isolates of meropenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A two-centre study.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam (C/A), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) and three anti-pseudomonal β-lactams (piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime and cefepime) against a collection of meropenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) clinical isolates recovered from two centres in Turkey.

Methods: A total of 102 unique patient isolates of meropenem-non-susceptible P.

[Evaluation of blood culture practices: Use of system (Epicenter) data].

Sepsis is a serious clinical problem and estimated to be responsible for 18 million annual deaths worldwide. Therefore, the use and the rapid processing of blood cultures are important for the transition from empiric therapy to directed therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the best blood culture practices in Turkey.

[The comparison of antibiotic susceptibilities of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in transition from CLSI to EUCAST].

Determination of treatment protocols for infections according to antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results is are important for controlling the problem of antibiotic resistance. Two standards are widely used in the world. One of them is Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards used in Turkey for many years and the other is the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards which is used in European Union member countries and came into use in 2015 in Turkey.

[Investigation of various virulence factors among the hospital and community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus isolates by real-time PCR method].

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the community and the most important cause of nosocomial infections. In this research, it was aimed to detect the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin A to D (SEA, SEB, SEC and SED, respectively), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and SCCmec phenotype in methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) isolates and to demonstrate the genotypic association between hospital acquired and community acquired isolates.

[Resistance rates to major anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from seven different regions of Turkey in 2003-2006 period].

Multi-drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global problem and has increased especially in areas where tuberculosis control programmes are inefficient. The aim of this study was to detect the resistance rates against isoniazide (INH), rifampisin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (SM) in M. tuberculosis strains collected from 7 different regions including 62 cities and sent to Refik Saydam Hygiene Center National Tuberculosis Reference and Research Laboratory.

[Genotypic characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 strains isolated as the agent of fatal meningitis in a military hospital].

The aim of this study was to describe the genetic characterization of a total of 6 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 strains isolated from patients with meningitis and carriers in a military hospital in 2007-2008. Suspected colonies on modified Thayer-Martin medium plates were screened for oxidase reactivity and Gram stain. If gram-negative diplococci were present, a biochemical profile by the API NH system was used for species confirmation.

[An outbreak of vanA genotype Enterococcus faecium in pediatric clinic of a training hospital].

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been increasingly reported from most countries around the world following initial isolation from patients in United States and European countries. A vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) outbreak was determined by hospital infection control committee in the pediatric unit of Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey in the first week of March 2008. While one of the 4 VREF strains was isolated from urine culture of a patient with neuroblastoma, the remaining strains were isolated from cultures of urine and rectal swab samples of a patient with nephrotic syndrome and from the hospital room doorknob of this patient.

[Investigation of the presence and subgroups of adenoviruses in nasopharyngeal samples of military recruits with respiratory tract infections].

Adenoviruses (AdV) are important pathogens primarily associated to respiratory infections of children and military staff even though it is also associated to many clinical manifestations, such as cystitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, hepatitis, myocarditis, and encephalitis. The goals of this study were to detect and type acute respiratory disease associated AdV isolates among military trainees in a selected region without an evidence of an outbreak. Throat swab samples were obtained during February 2006-March 2006 period, from 180 military male trainees aged 20-29, who were presented with respiratory tract symptoms and an oral temperature of > or = 38.

Acinetobacter septicus sp. nov. association with a nosocomial outbreak of bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Acinetobacter species other than Acinetobacter baumannii have rarely been reported to be associated with nosocomial outbreaks of bloodstream infections. Within a period of 1 week, seven Acinetobacter-like isolates were recovered from peripheral blood and catheter specimens of five patients at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a tertiary hospital in Turkey. All five patients had placement of central venous catheters and had received total parenteral nutrition before the onset of bacteremia.

[Molecular analysis of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from clinical samples].

Enterococcus species are the inhabitants of gastrointestinal flora and can cause endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia. In recent years, infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have increased in our country. The infections caused by VRE are treated with glycopeptide antibiotics like vancomycin and teicoplanin.

First recurrent infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus from Turkey.

Here we describe a case of a neuroblastoma patient with recurrent vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection successfully treated with ciprofloxacin. This is the first case of recurrent vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection in our hospital and Turkey.

Rapid and quantitative detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus by one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR.

In this article, the development of a new TaqMan-based one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for detection and quantification of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) RNA is described. Selected oligos targeting the highly conserved S region of CCHFV were designed by using our oligo design and analysis software, Oligoware 1.0.

Evaluation of blood culture bottles seeded with X-V factors for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the ability of seeded and not-seeded commercial pediatric blood culture bottles to support the growth of the most frequently responsible microorganisms for bacterial meningitides (Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae). Tests have been carried out with an automated colorimetric pediatric blood culture system, BacTAlert, Organon Teknika. Bottles were inoculated with X-V factors and serial dilutions of the each bacterium in six times (10(1)-10(6) colony forming unit [CFU]/ml).