A comparative study of large language model-based zero-shot inference and task-specific supervised classification of breast cancer pathology reports.

Objective: Although supervised machine learning is popular for information extraction from clinical notes, creating large annotated datasets requires extensive domain expertise and is time-consuming. Meanwhile, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising transfer learning capability. In this study, we explored whether recent LLMs could reduce the need for large-scale data annotations.

A comparative study of zero-shot inference with large language models and supervised modeling in breast cancer pathology classification.

Although supervised machine learning is popular for information extraction from clinical notes, creating large, annotated datasets requires extensive domain expertise and is time-consuming. Meanwhile, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising transfer learning capability. In this study, we explored whether recent LLMs can reduce the need for large-scale data annotations.

Adsorption of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs traces in water on clay minerals.

The aim of this study was to assess the adsorption of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely Paracetamol (PRC), Diclofenac (DIC), Ibuprofen (IBU), and Ketoprofen (KET), using both batch and continuous experiments with clay. Various analytical techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM coupled to EDX, and Zeta potential, were employed to characterize both raw and calcined clay. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the kaolinite nature of the clay.

Association of Sleep Patterns with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Latent Class Analysis.

Sleep duration, sleep quality and circadian rhythm disruption indicated by sleep chronotype are associated with type 2 diabetes. Sleep involves multiple dimensions that are closely interrelated. However, the sleep patterns of the population, and whether these sleep patterns are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes, are unknown when considering more sleep dimensions.

Contribution of pain to subsequent cognitive decline or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Background: Dementia is an urgent public health problem worldwide, and the determination of the contribution of pain to cognitive decline or dementia is significant for the prevention of dementia.

Objective: To comprehensively explore the contribution of pain to subsequent cognitive decline or dementia and analyze possible influencing factors.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

The efficacy of misoprostol in reducing intraoperative blood loss in women undergoing elective cesarean section. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of misoprostol to minimized blood loss during and after cesarean delivery (CD).

Search Strategy: Screening of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to February 2021 using the keywords related to misoprostol, CD, postpartum hemorrhage, and intraoperative blood loss and their MeSH terms.

Selection Criteria: Only RCTs were included.

Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in Pakistan: Are national guidelines used by private healthcare providers?

Background: The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) in Pakistan developed, with the Pakistan Paediatric Association, a pediatric scoring chart to aid diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB). Our study compared the diagnostic practice of private healthcare providers in Pakistan with the NTP guidelines.

Methods: A cross-sectional study comparing diagnosis of TB in children <15 years by Non-NTP private providers with the NTP's pediatric scoring chart.

Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bilateral uterine artery ligation during cesarean among women at risk of uterine atony.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of prophylactic bilateral uterine artery ligation (BUAL) in reducing the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean delivery among women at risk of uterine atony.

Methods: A randomized clinical trial at Cairo University Maternity Hospital, Egypt, from December 2017 to December 2018. Women at risk of uterine atony undergoing scheduled or emergency cesarean were randomized to two groups.

Effectiveness of a mobile health intervention on infant and young child feeding among children ≤ 24 months of age in rural Islamabad over six months duration.

Childhood development is highly influenced by feeding practices at infancy and young age of the children. Unfortunately, according to the National Nutrition Survey (2011), the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan was 21% at four months, and 13% at six months of age with 51.3% of mothers initiating semisolid foods to their children at the recommended 6-8 months of age.

Variable versus fixed-rate infusion of phenylephrine during cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Phenylephrine is the most commonly used vasopressor for prophylaxis against maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery; however, the best regimen for its administration is not well established. Although variable infusion protocols had been suggested for phenylephrine infusion, evidence-based evaluation of variable infusion regimens are lacking. The aim of this work is to compare variable infusion, fixed on-and-off infusion, and intermittent boluses of phenylephrine for prophylaxis against maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery.

Microplastic pollution in the sediments of Sidi Mansour Harbor in Southeast Tunisia.

Despite the increasing interest in microplastic (MP) research, the accurate prevalence, distribution and fate of these materials in the environment is yet poorly known and, consequently, a focus of debate. Hence, to better ascertain the presence of microplastics in specific environments, samples from 35 random sites distributed across a 4200-meter long section from the area of Sidi Mansour, Sfax-Tunisia, were collected and analyzed. MPs were extracted, digested with potassium hydroxide and dyed with Eosin B, for visual microscopy counting and sorting.

Interregional traceability of Tunisian olive oils to the provenance soil by multielemental fingerprinting and chemometrics.

The aim of this study was to prove the usefulness of multielements as provenance markers of olive oils by evaluating their link with soil composition and their discriminatory power. Eleven elements in twenty-one olive oils and their paired soils from four Tunisian regions were characterized. Chemometrics have been implemented for ICP-MS data processing.

Soil contamination with olive mill wastes negatively affects microbial communities, invertebrates and plants.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of olive mill waste (OMW) on soil habitat function. To this end, soil samples from OMW evaporating ponds (S1-S5) located at Agareb (Sfax, Tunisia) and a reference soil (R) were collected. The effects of OMW on the springtails Folsomia candida (F.

Effects of metal pollution on sediments in a highly saline aquatic ecosystem: case of the Moknine continental Sebkha (eastern Tunisia).

Potential contamination of the sediments in the Sebkha of Moknine (Tunisia) ecosystem was assessed by means of enrichment factors (EFs) estimated against reference sediment located ≈70 km away from the Sebkha. The use of EFs is recommended as a reliable method for heavy metal contamination assessment, provided that (1) element contents are corrected following a careful normalization procedure, and (2) the reference sediment is unaffected by anthropogenic alterations. The degree of contamination was assessed by the modified contamination degree approach.

Effects of long-term irrigation with treated wastewater on soil quality, soil-borne pathogens, and living organisms: case study of the vicinity of El Hajeb (Tunisia).

Medium (i.e. 15 years) and long-term (i.

Risk assessment of heavy metal toxicity of soil irrigated with treated wastewater using heat shock proteins stress responses: case of El Hajeb, Sfax, Tunisia.

Heavy metal contamination of soil resulting from treated wastewater irrigation can cause serious concerns resulting from consuming contaminated crops. Therefore, it is crucial to assess hazard related to wastewater reuse. In the present investigation, we suggest the use of biomarker approach as a new tool for risk assessment of wastewater reuse in irrigation as an improvement to the conventional detection of physicochemical accumulation in irrigated sites.