Automated Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Clinical Biomarkers, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To determine if combining clinical, demographic, and imaging data improves automated diagnosis of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Design: Cross-sectional imaging and machine learning study.

Methods: This was a retrospective study performed at a single academic medical center in the United States.