BRAF gene mutations in synchronous papillary thyroid carcinoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis co-existing in the thyroid gland: a case report and literature review.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal disease, characterized by hyperproliferation of Langerhans cells. It may rarely involve the thyroid gland. Its association with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is extremely rare; with only few case reports available in the English literature.