Utility of quantitative measurement of T using restriction spectrum imaging for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

The Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs) has been shown to improve the accuracy for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) compared to standard DWI. Both diffusion and T properties of prostate tissue contribute to the signal measured in DWI, and studies have demonstrated that each may be valuable for distinguishing csPCa from benign tissue. The purpose of this retrospective study was to (1) determine whether prostate T varies across RSI compartments and in the presence of csPCa, and (2) evaluate whether csPCa detection with RSIrs is improved by acquiring multiple scans at different TEs to measure compartmental T (cT).

Outcomes of Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma With Non-Clear Cell Histology Treated With Systemic Therapy.

Background: Patients with nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation have been under-represented in clinical trials. This study evaluates the outcomes and treatment patterns of patients with non-clear cell RCC and RCC with sarcomatoid features compared to those with clear cell RCC receiving systemic therapy.

Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of patients with advanced or metastatic RCC receiving systemic therapy was conducted.

ReIGNITE Radiation Therapy Boost: A Prospective, International Study of Radiation Oncologists' Accuracy in Contouring Prostate Tumors for Focal Radiation Therapy Boost on Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Alone or With Assistance of Restriction Spectrum Imaging.

Purpose: In a phase III randomized trial, adding a radiation boost to tumor(s) visible on MRI improved prostate cancer (PCa) disease-free and metastasis-free survival without additional toxicity. Radiation oncologists' ability to identify prostate tumors is critical to widely adopting intraprostatic tumor radiotherapy boost for patients. A diffusion MRI biomarker, called the Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs), has been shown to improve radiologists' identification of clinically significant PCa.

Pathological Outcomes of Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Receive Nephrectomy Following Immunotherapy.

Background: Even though cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) was once the standard of care for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), its role in treatment has not been well analyzed or defined in the era of immunotherapy (IO).

Materials And Methods: This study analyzed pathological outcomes in patients with advanced or metastatic RCC who received IO prior to CN. This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study of patients with advanced or metastatic RCC.

Associations Between Intraductal Prostate Cancer and Metastases Following Radical Prostatectomy in Men With Prostate Cancer in the Veterans Affairs Database.

Purpose: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a relatively unstudied feature present in some prostate cancer (PC) diagnoses with several studies suggesting associations with higher Gleason scores (GS) and earlier time to biochemical recurrence (BCR) after definitive treatment. We looked to identify cases of IDC-P in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) database and measure associations between IDC-P and pathological stage, BCR, and metastases.

Methods: Patients in the VHA database diagnosed with PC from 2000 to 2017, treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) at the VHA were included in the cohort.

Dermoid Cyst of the Parotid Gland: Case Report of a Rare Entity and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND A dermoid cyst is a benign, epithelial-lined cavitary lesion composed of ectoderm and mesoderm that can arise anywhere in the body, with a tendency to develop in midline structures such as the coccyx and ovary. It is a rare entity in the head and neck region, where the incidence is 7% of all body dermoid cysts. Of these 7% (dermoid cysts found within the head and neck area), 80% are found localized to areas around the orbit, oral region, and nasal region.

Leave No Stone Unturned: A Case of an Actinomyces Rhinolith Presenting With Chronic Cough and Throat Pain.

Actinomycosis infection in the nasal cavity, especially an actinomyces rhinolith, is extremely rare. It should be considered in cases where a heterogenous calcified mass is found within the nasal cavity on endoscopy and radiographically. Treatment includes surgical debridement and a prolonged course of antibiotics, unique from the more typically encountered fungus ball.

Analysis of CDK12 alterations in a pan-cancer database.

Background: CDK12 inactivation leading to increased neoantigen burden has been hypothesized to sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint inhibition. Pan-cancer data regarding the frequency of CDK12 alterations are limited. We aimed to characterize CDK12 alterations across all cancer types through real-world clinical-grade sequencing.

Neoadjuvant rituximab modulates the tumor immune environment in patients with high risk prostate cancer.

Background: Immunotherapeutic regulation of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer patients is not understood. Most antibody immunotherapies have not succeeded in prostate cancer. We showed previously that high-risk PCa patients have a higher density of tumor infiltrating B-cells in prostatectomy specimens.

Parathyroid adenoma presenting with spontaneous cervical and anterior mediastinal hemorrhage: A case report.

Rationale: Spontaneous anterior cervical or mediastinal hemorrhage is a rare presentation of parathyroid adenoma.

Patient Concerns: A 69-year-old woman presented with neck hematoma and dysphagia and was found to have a soft tissue mass adjacent to her thyroid gland as seen on MRI and neck ultrasound.

Diagnosis: Laboratory testing demonstrated elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone supporting diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma.

Can multiphase CT scan distinguish between papillary renal cell carcinoma type 1 and type 2?

Objective: To investigate the utility of multiphase computed tomography (CT) and percutaneous renal mass biopsy (PRMB) in differentiating between papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC)-Type 1 and -Type 2, as emerging data have suggested differential enhancement patterns in different renal tumor histologies.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 51 patients (23 pRCC-Type 1/28 pRCC-Type 2) who underwent multiphase CT followed by surgery from July 2011 to April 2016 was performed. Data were analyzed between subgroups based on histology.

A Single Institutional Experience With the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: Correlation of Cytology and Histology in 194 Cases.

Objectives: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) is designed to standardize the criteria and terminology used in urinary tract cytology reporting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing TPS and to analyze the correlation with follow-up biopsies in order to assess its reproducibility.

Methods: Urinary tract cytology specimens with follow-up biopsies over a 2-year period were reviewed and reclassified according to TPS criteria.

Corrigendum to "Collision Tumor With Renal Cell Carcinoma and Plasmacytoma: Further Evidence of a Renal Cell and Plasma Cell Neoplasm Relationship?" [Urology Case Reports 6 (2017) 50-52].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.

Analysis of T1 Bladder Cancer on Biopsy and Transurethral Resection Specimens: Comparison and Ranking of T1 Quantification Approaches to Predict Progression to Muscularis Propria Invasion.

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder invasive into lamina propria on biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder tumor, termed "T1" disease, progresses to muscularis propria invasion in a subset of patients. Prior studies have proposed histopathologic metrics to predict progression, although methods vary widely and it is unclear which method is most robust. This poses a challenge since recent World Health Organization and American Joint Commission on Cancer editions encourage some attempt to substratify T1 disease.

BRAF mutation as a novel driver of eosinophilic cystitis.

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare manifestation of hypereosinophilia and a cause of morbidity, including dysuria and hematuria. Although some cases can be attributed to infection or allergy, most cases are assessed to be idiopathic and treated with corticosteroids. However, hypereosinophilia can also be due to actionable clonal molecular alterations in the haematopoietic cells, similar to other myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Serous Carcinoma Mimicking Primary Urothelial Carcinoma on Clinical Evaluation and Pathology: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall.

Context: - Serous carcinoma of the gynecologic tract often involves the external bladder wall and can occasionally mimic primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Objective: - To define the spectrum of morphologic and immunohistochemical features that characterize serous carcinoma involving the bladder wall and its distinction from urothelial carcinoma.

Design: - We reviewed all cases of serous carcinoma secondarily involving the bladder wall from the University of California San Diego and Polytechnic Institute for histopathologic and immunohistochemical features.

Inverted schneiderian papilloma of the supraglottis: Case report.

Inverted schneiderian papillomas are rare benign tumors, most often arising from the sinonasal mucosa. We describe a case of a 59-year-old female with an inverted papilloma of the supraglottis. This is the first reported case of a supraglottic-presenting inverted papilloma.

Metastatic Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma with Osteoblastic Activity: A Case Report of Esophageal and Colonic Primaries.

Adenocarcinoma with osteoblastic metastases is classically seen in prostate, breast, and lung primaries. Less common primary sites include thyroid, kidney, and stomach. We present two cases of primary gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma with metastatic osteoblastic activity from two previously unreported sites.

Restriction spectrum imaging: An evolving imaging biomarker in prostate MRI.

Unlabelled: Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is a novel diffusion-weighted MRI technique that uses the mathematically distinct behavior of water diffusion in separable microscopic tissue compartments to highlight key aspects of the tissue microarchitecture with high conspicuity. RSI can be acquired in less than 5 min on modern scanners using a surface coil. Multiple field gradients and high b-values in combination with postprocessing techniques allow the simultaneous resolution of length-scale and geometric information, as well as compartmental and nuclear volume fraction filtering.

Evaluation of a genomic classifier in radical prostatectomy patients with lymph node metastasis.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Decipher test in predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) on radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

Methods: We identified 1,987 consecutive patients with RP who received the Decipher test between February and August 2015 (contemporary cohort). In the contemporary cohort, only the Decipher score from RP specimens was available for analysis.

Voxel Level Radiologic-Pathologic Validation of Restriction Spectrum Imaging Cellularity Index with Gleason Grade in Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI-MRI), an advanced diffusion imaging technique, can potentially circumvent current limitations in tumor conspicuity, in vivo characterization, and location demonstrated by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) techniques in prostate cancer detection. Prior reports show that the quantitative signal derived from RSI-MRI, the cellularity index, is associated with aggressive prostate cancer as measured by Gleason grade (GG). We evaluated the reliability of RSI-MRI to predict variance with GG at the voxel-level within clinically demarcated prostate cancer regions.

Collision Tumor With Renal Cell Carcinoma and Plasmacytoma: Further Evidence of a Renal Cell and Plasma Cell Neoplasm Relationship?

Renal solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas belong to a group of plasma cell neoplasms, which generally have been associated with renal cell carcinoma. We present a case report of a patient with collision tumor histology of extramedullary plasmacytoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, the first in the known literature. Standard work-up for a plasma cell neoplasm was conducted and the mass was resected.

Restriction spectrum imaging improves MRI-based prostate cancer detection.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), with that of conventional multi-parametric (MP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer (PCa) detection in a blinded reader-based format.

Methods: Three readers independently evaluated 100 patients (67 with proven PCa) who underwent MP-MRI and RSI within 6 months of systematic biopsy (N = 67; 23 with targeting performed) or prostatectomy (N = 33). Imaging was performed at 3 Tesla using a phased-array coil.

Prostate diffusion imaging with distortion correction.

Purpose: Diffusion imaging in the prostate is susceptible to distortion from B0 inhomogeneity. Distortion correction in prostate imaging is not routinely performed, resulting in diffusion images without accurate localization of tumors. We performed and evaluated distortion correction for diffusion imaging in the prostate.