Evolution of long COVID over two years in hospitalised and non-hospitalised survivors in Bangladesh: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: In developing settings, comparative data on COVID hospitalised survivors (HS) and non-hospitalised survivors (NHS) is scarce. We determined burdens, incidence, evolution, and associated factors of long COVID-19 over two years among these groups.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and recruited confirmed COVID-19 survivors from December 2020 to May 2021 (previously reported).

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Calcium Channel Blockers in Hypertensive Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review evaluates the comparative efficacy and safety of antihypertensive therapies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), in managing hypertension among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. A comprehensive search adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted across five databases, identifying eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last five years. The included studies examined diverse populations, ranging from pediatric to elderly CKD patients, with interventions tailored to specific subgroups, including those with proteinuria or diabetic kidney disease.

Improving equity and wellness in cancer care with people of Latin American and African Descent: a study protocol.

Background: Cancer inequities such as late access to cancer screening and diagnosis affect people of African and Latin American descent in Canada. These inequities in addition to experiences of racism and discrimination and unequal living and working conditions are detrimental to their wellness. We aim to delineate together with people of African and Latin American descent a patient-oriented pathway to improve their equity and wellness in cancer care.

PON-P3: Accurate Prediction of Pathogenicity of Amino Acid Substitutions.

Different types of information are combined during variation interpretation. Computational predictors, most often pathogenicity predictors, provide one type of information for this purpose. These tools are based on various kinds of algorithms.

Towards Imaging Tau Hyperphosphorylation: Is DYRK1A a Potential Target for Imaging Hyperphosphorylation of Tau? Molecular Modeling Assessment and Synthesis of [I]Radioiodinated DYRK1A Inhibitor.

Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a phosphorylation kinase, is localized within the central nervous system and is linked to hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Imaging of DYRK1A may provide an earlier biomarker for Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have used Chimera-Autodock to evaluate potential molecules for binding to the binding site of DYRK1A.

Predicting Surgical Difficulty in Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Models Applied to Pre-Operative MRI.

Following the rapid advances in minimally invasive surgery, there are a multitude of surgical modalities available for resecting rectal cancers. Robotic resections represent the current pinnacle of surgical approaches. Currently, decisions on the surgical modality depend on local resources and the expertise of the surgical team.

AI-assisted decision-making in mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: This study evaluates the potential use of ChatGPT in aiding clinical decision-making for patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) by assessing the quality of responses it generates for clinical care.

Methods: Seventeen mild TBI case scenarios were selected from PubMed Central, and each case was analyzed by GPT-4 (March 21, 2024, version) between April 11 and April 20, 2024. Responses were evaluated by four emergency medicine specialists, who rated the ease of understanding, scientific adequacy, and satisfaction with each response using a 7-point Likert scale.

Comprehensive review on the environmental remediation of pharmaceuticals in water by adsorption.

Pharmaceuticals in polluted water can harm humans, animals, and marine life. Pharmaceuticals undergo degradation and give secondary products that are more toxic, so their infiltration becomes life-threatening and life-saving if not properly disposed of. Among various processes such as membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, etc, adsorption is considered the most appropriate for efficiently removing pharmaceuticals from water.

Effect on Timing of Free Flap Breast Reconstruction on Mastectomy Skin Necrosis.

Background:  Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is a common autologous breast reconstruction option. DIEP flap may be performed immediately on the day of mastectomy (immediate DIEP) or at a later date typically following placement of a tissue expander during mastectomy (delayed-immediate DIEP). Preparing internal mammary vessels during microsurgical anastomoses involves prolonged retraction of the breast skin flaps, which can increase tension on acutely ischemic mastectomy skin.

Advancing the Accuracy of Anti-MRSA Peptide Prediction Through Integrating Multi-Source Protein Language Models.

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a recognized cause of community-acquired and hospital infections has brought about a need for the efficient and accurate identification of peptides with anti-MRSA properties in drug discovery and development pipelines. However, current experimental methods often tend to be labor- and resource-intensive. Thus, there is an immediate requirement to develop practical computational solutions for identifying sequence-based anti-MRSA peptides.

High-efficiency acid-base catalysts: ZrO, TiO, amine, and Br functionalized porous polymers for CO and epoxide to cyclic carbonate conversion.

The development of new materials capable of converting carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added products has emerged as a crucial strategy in addressing global climate change and promoting sustainable industrial practices. As CO emissions continue to rise, innovative catalytic systems that facilitate its utilization as a C1 carbon source are gaining significant attention. Such advancements not only contribute to carbon capture and utilization (CCU) efforts but also support the transition toward greener chemical processes by reducing dependence on fossil-derived feedstocks.

Comparison of Weight Loss and Improvement in Metabolic Comorbidities Between Endoscopic Gastroplasty and Lifestyle Modifications: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Endoscopic gastroplasty (EG) is a less invasive method for managing obesity compared with bariatric surgery. However, evidence on the use of EG is still scarce. This study aims to review existing evidence comparing EG with lifestyle modifications (LM) in terms of weight loss and improvement in metabolic syndrome.

Real-world evidence regarding cancer, mortality, and graft failure risk with de novo belatacept use among kidney transplant recipients in the United States.

Belatacept is a selective T-cell co-stimulation blocker used in maintenance immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), but evidence on cancer risk and other outcomes is limited. This retrospective cohort study used linked US transplant and cancer registry data on KTRs treated with belatacept (N=1514) or tacrolimus (N=7570) as initial maintenance therapy. We used multivariable Cox regression models to compare incidence of invasive cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), death, and graft failure/retransplantation (GF/RT) between belatacept and tacrolimus users.

Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009-20: a WHO systematic analysis.

Background: Maternal mortality is not on track to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.1 of a global maternal mortality ratio below 70 per 100 000 livebirths by 2030. Updated evidence on causes of death is needed to accelerate progress.

Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline.

Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization updated its existing clinical practice guideline in 2024 to provide guidance on the evaluation, management, and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults and children who are not receiving kidney replacement therapy.

Methods: The KDIGO CKD Guideline Work Group defined the scope of the guideline and determined topics for systematic review. An independent Evidence Review Team systematically reviewed the evidence and graded the certainty of evidence for each of the review topics.

Radiation-Induced Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma in Thyroid: A Rare Occurrence.

Unlabelled: We present a rare case of Radiation-induced sarcoma in the thyroid, in a 53-year-old female, seven years after receiving chemoradiation for SCC esophagus. The disease was non resectable due to carotid encasement and was therefore planned for chemotherapy with doxorubicin.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.

Assessment of serum biomarker changes following the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination: a cohort study in Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Objectives: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world and the current COVID-19 vaccines have shown to be the most effective means of combating the COVID-19. This study focused to examine the status of serum biomarkers in individuals infected and non-infected with SARS-CoV-2, both before and after COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination.

Methods: This study comprised 133 adults aged 35 and older including both academic and non-academic personnel associated with Shahjalal University of Science and Technology in Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials: innovative design and advanced application in biomedicine, catalysis and electronics.

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) materials have emerged as a revolutionary class of functional compounds, driven by their unique ability to utilize excitons from both singlet and triplet states for efficient fluorescence emission. This manuscript provides an overview of recent innovations in TADF material design, focusing on molecular strategies to achieve optimal TADF properties, including small singlet-triplet energy gaps (Δ ) and high photoluminescence quantum yields. We explore the diverse applications of TADF materials, spanning OLEDs, biomedical imaging, photosensitizers, photocatalysis, UV photodetectors (UVOPDs), electrogenerated chemiluminescence, triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) sensitizers, organic hybrid microwire radial heterojunctions, multicolor luminescent micelles, mechano-luminescence (ML), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs), and fluorescent probes.

Comparative effectiveness of weight-bearing strategies on functional recovery in acute Achilles tendon rupture: A network meta-analysis.

Objective: Evaluation of the impact of early weight-bearing on intervention to assess functional outcomes following acute Achilles tendon rupture.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines including RCTs involving adult patients with AATR. Interventions were coded based on management approach and weight-bearing strategy: Open, Minimally Invasive, Percutaneous, and Conservative approach, with Early Weightbearing and Late Weightbearing.

Application of chitosan-based edible films reinforced with nanofibers to improve the shelf life of rapeseed oil: Release kinetics of essential oils and biodegradability.

In the present study, the production of an active chitosan (CH) based films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) was used to the control release of Carum copticum (CEO)/Origanum vulgare ssp. gracile essential oil (GEO) compounds from packaging materials into food. The biodegradability of produced films was studied for 12 months at 25 °C.

Psychometric properties of the Federal Unit Scale for general psychopathology screening without iatrogenic effects.

Mental health assessment tools play a crucial role in clinical practice, yet many existing scales risk exacerbating the conditions they aim to measure. This study introduces the Federal Unit Scale (FUS), a novel 5-item scale designed to assess a broad range of affect and traits capturing distress tolerance while minimizing potentially triggering language. The FUS was developed with a focus on combat veterans, frontline workers, and first responders.

Establishing a Newborn Screening Programme: A Success Story from a Low-Resource Setting.

The purpose of this communication was to assess the clinical effectiveness of a newborn screening (NBS) programme for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in a tertiary care centre. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2023. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on dried blood spot (DBS) specimens collected after 24 hours of birth with >10 mIU/L was further confirmed by testing serum TSH and FT4, and CH cases were referred to a paediatric endocrinologist for management.

Use of Hydroxycobolamin in the Prevention of Vasoplegic Syndrome in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Controlled Prospective Trial.

Objective: We hypothesized that the prophylactic use of hydroxocobalamin in patients at high-risk patients to develop vasoplegia after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may decrease its incidence.

Design: This randomized placebo-controlled prospective single-center study was conducted on high-risk patients for vasoplegia who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Setting: This study was conducted in Ain Shams University Hospitals from August 2019 to October 2023 in cardiothoracic operative rooms and its intensive care unit.