A Rare Case of Disseminated Tuberculosis Presenting As a Frontal Headache and Photophobia in the UK.

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by  (TB), demonstrating a vast clinical spectrum that can potentially involve all systems of the body. We present the case of a female in her late 20s, with an employment background in healthcare. She recently moved to the UK from India.

An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact, with >771 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths reported by October 2023. Cancer patients, due to their immunosuppressed status, face an increased infection risk and higher COVID-19 complications. The present study aimed to assess clinical outcomes in COVID-19-infected cancer patients, focusing on mortality rates and other aspects, providing valuable insight for better protection and outcomes.

Sex Assignment in Cases of Ambiguous Genitalia.

Ambiguous genitalia is a rare disorder where it is unclear whether an infant's external genitals are male or female. This can be attributed to various internal and external etiologies, such as androgen receptor abnormalities, gonadal abnormalities (such as gonadal dysgenesis or Klinefelter syndrome where a male has an extra X chromosome), enzymatic defects, etc. Correction of such atypical genitalia requires a multidisciplinary approach, including but not limited to surgeons and therapists.

Evidence-Based Strategies to Minimize Unnecessary Primary Cesarean Sections: A Comprehensive Review.

The increase in cesarean section (CS) rates, whether they are classified as unnecessary or elective, has globally raised significant concerns due to the associated risks involving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although CS can be a lifesaving operation in specific medical cases, its overuse is exposing mothers and neonates to complications like hemorrhage, infections, and long-term consequences such as uterine scarring, infertility, and future pregnancy problems. The contributing factors include maternal preferences for convenience, fear of labor, and financial incentives within the healthcare systems that favor surgical interventions.

Experimental determination of the mechanical and hydrolytic properties of chitosan/rice husk ash composite membranes.

Chitosan-based membranes are promising alternatives to synthetic membranes in a number of specialized use cases, including water purification and electrochemical devices. In application, excessive swelling when hydrated can lead to poor mechanical integrity, necessitating modifications to the polymer so as to counter this effect. Embedding inorganic fillers within an organic polymer matrix is one method of combining excellent mechanical stability with good performance.

Public Perceptions of Surgeon Attire in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Surgeon attire significantly affects patients' perceptions and can improve patient-surgeon relationships, which are crucial for patient comfort, experience, satisfaction, and treatment adherence. Understanding patient preferences for surgeon attire is essential, particularly in Saudi Arabia, for establishing appropriate dress codes in healthcare institutions. This national cross-sectional study aimed to fill this gap by assessing patient preferences for surgeon attire and its impact on patients' confidence in their surgeons across various medical settings.

Draft genomes of 10 isolates collected in Sudan in 2019.

This report presents the first genomes from positive cases of cholera in Sudan. Genomic analysis of 10 isolates, profiled as serogroup O1, reveals evidence of antimicrobial resistance genes and a 139-kb IncC plasmid with 99.74% identity to the multidrug-resistant plasmid pCNRVC190243 previously reported in Yemen and Lebanon.

Incidence of postoperative pneumonia in various surgical subspecialties: a retrospective study.

Postoperative pneumonia (POP) can be defined as either hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, pneumonia developing 48-72 h after admission) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP, pneumonia developing 48-72 h after endotracheal intubation)' or within 30 days in postoperative patients. POP accounts for 2.7-3.

Impact and determinants of door in-door out time for stroke thrombectomy transfers in a large hub-and-spoke network.

Introduction: The mantra "time is brain" cannot be overstated for patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke. This is especially true for those with large vessel occlusions (LVOs) requiring transfer to an endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) capable center. We sought to evaluate the spoke hospital door in-door out (DIDO) times for patients transferred to our hub center for EVT.

Assessing the correlation between the degree of tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive study.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and pulmonary hypertension.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 118 patients with pulmonary hypertension was carried out at a single center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2018-2021. Patients who had pulmonary or tricuspid valves organic diseases, previously undergone tricuspid or pulmonary valve surgeries, had permanent pacemakers or critically ill were excluded.

A Splenic Rupture Following a Singleton Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery: The First-Known Case Report in Saudi Arabia.

A spontaneous rupture of the spleen during pregnancy or post-delivery is an exceptionally rare but potentially fatal maternal complication that poses a significant challenge in diagnosis and management. Herewith, we present a case of a 31-year-old female patient who experienced a spontaneous splenic rupture following a singleton vaginal delivery. Despite lacking any history of trauma or a predisposing factor, she developed symptoms of dizziness and postpartum abdominal pain, progressing rapidly to unconsciousness.

Hybrid surgical approach excision of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): A case report of GIST at an unusual location and review of the literature.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common malignant subepithelial lesions involving the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical techniques have been the mainstay of treatment, however, in recent times hybrid surgeries are being introduced yielding better clinical outcomes.

Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for gene delivery: A comprehensive review.

Gene therapy is a revolutionary technology in healthcare that provides novel therapeutic options and has immense potential in addressing genetic illnesses, malignancies, and viral infections. Nevertheless, other obstacles still need to be addressed regarding safety, ethical implications, and technological enhancement. Nanotechnology and gene therapy fields have shown significant promise in transforming medical treatments by improving accuracy, effectiveness, and personalization.

Congenital ptosis with aponeurotic maldevelopment: clinical and surgical perspectives : Aponeurotic maldevelopment in congenital ptosis.

Purpose: Levator muscle dystrophy has been commonly accused being the main pathology of congenital ptosis, nevertheless, few reports drew attention to the existence of congenital aponeurotic defects. This study aims at highlighting the detailed clinical and surgical features of aponeurotic maldevelopment together with the efficacy of simple aponeurosis repair.

Methods: This is a retrospective nonrandomised study including patients with congenital ptosis who underwent levator muscle surgery throughout 4 years.

Fellowship Accreditation: Experiences From Health Care Simulation Experts.

The field of health care simulation continues to grow, accompanied by a proliferation of fellowship programs, leading to fellowship accreditation efforts. There is controversy around the best approach to accreditation. The authors sought to understand perspectives of simulation leaders on fellowship accreditation to best inform the growth and maturation of fellowship accreditation.

The determining factors of medical students in considering a specialty as a future career path: A cross-sectional multinational study in the Middle East.

Background And Aims: Throughout their years of study, undergraduate medical students are expected to gain broad comprehension of all medical specialties. After acquiring an undergraduate degree, the decision to choose a specialty is critical for every student's life as it determines the rest of their career path. This study aims to determine factors influencing medical students' choices between various specialties in different countries in the Middle East and North Africa.

Assessment of liver enzymes as diagnostic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Zakho, Iraq.

Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with abnormal liver enzyme profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Zakho, to assess the association between demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, kidney function tests, lipid profiles, glucose levels, and T2D, and to identify resident risk factors.

Research Design And Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of T2D patients admitted to Zakho General Hospital was conducted utilizing hospital records. The primary endpoint of interest was attaining HbA1C levels ≥ 6.

Stroke characteristics and outcomes in urban Tanzania: Data from the Prospective Lake Zone Stroke Registry.

Background: Stroke is a second leading cause of death globally, with an estimated one in four adults suffering a stroke in their lifetime. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes in adults with stroke in urban Northwestern Tanzania.

Methods: We analyzed de-identified data from a prospective stroke registry from Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, the second largest city in Tanzania, between March 2020 and October 2022.

Assessing the Impact of High Body Mass Index (BMI) on the Efficacy of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Ovarian Reserve and Treatment Outcomes.

Introduction: The global surge in high body mass index (BMI) and obesity has led to various health complications. While numerous studies have shown that obesity disrupts female fertility, the specific effects of obesity on the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments in Saudi women have been less explored. This study aimed to delve into this gap, especially focusing on the correlation between BMI, ovarian reserve parameters, and ART outcomes among Saudi women.

Blind prediction of toluene/water partition coefficients using COSMO-RS: results from the SAMPL9 challenge.

Accurately predicting partition coefficients log  is crucial for reducing costs and accelerating drug design as it provides valuable information about the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of different drug candidates. However, the performance of the existing methods is ambiguous, making it unclear whether these methods can be effectively utilized in drug discovery. To assess the performance of these methods, a series of SAMPL challenges have been conducted over the past few years, aiming to enable the development and validation of predictive models.