Navel orange peel ethanolic extract and naringin ameliorate CFA-induced arthritis in Wistar rats through their modulatory effects on Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and oxidative stress.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune illness affecting joint articulations, leading to a disability state. Currently, there is no satisfying optimal therapy except for immunosuppressants, which have variable and bad effects after long-term use. Hence, researchers have attempted to develop other alternative, safer, and more effective natural treatment agents that are effective and without undesirable effects.

Anti-inflammatory effects and beneficial effects of the feed additive Urtica cannabina L. in zebrafish.

Urtica cannabina L. (UL) has been used clinically for centuries because of its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and anti-inflammatory effects of different UL concentrations in zebrafish.

The Effect of an Education Program on School Children Oral Health in Khartoum, Sudan.

Background: Oral health education programs have long been considered an essential part of oral health policies. This is important for reducing the risk of oral diseases through health enhancement and voluntary behavioral changes due to learning opportunities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of school-based oral health education program on oral health in school children in Sudan.

Perinatal N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester administration decreases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice.

Objective: We hypothesized that perinatal manipulations of the nitrergic system would affect adult animal behaviors.

Methods: We tested this hypothesis by perinatally administering N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific antagonist of nitric oxide synthase for 15 days and assessed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice. At 70 days of age, the mice were subjected to a battery of tests consisting of the open-field, light/dark box, forced swim, and tail-flick tests.

Epigenetic signature in neural plasticity: the journey so far and journey ahead.

Neural plasticity is a remarkable characteristic of the brain which allows neurons to rewire their structure in response to internal and external stimuli. Many external stimuli collectively referred to as 'epigenetic factors' strongly influence structural and functional reorganization of the brain, thereby acting as a potential driver of neural plasticity. DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation, and deacetylation are some of the frontline epigenetic mechanisms behind neural plasticity.

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride causes hyperactivity in zebrafish via modulation of the serotonin pathway.

This study aimed to explore behavioral changes of embryonic and larval zebrafish caused by pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSE) and its underlying mechanism. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.5 µM, 2 µM, and 8 µM PSE at 4 h post-fertilization (4 hpf) or 22-23 hpf.

Neonatal D-fenfluramine treatment promotes long-term behavioral changes in adult mice.

Serotonin exerts a significant role in the mammalian central nervous system embryogenesis and brain ontogeny. Therefore, we investigate the effect of neonatal treatment of d-fenfluramine (d-FEN), a serotonin (5-HT) releaser, on the behavioral expression of adult male Swiss mice. For this purpose, we divided pregnant female Swiss mice into two groups (n = 6 each and ~35 g).

Maternal LiCl exposure disrupts thyroid-cerebral axis in neonatal albino rats.

This work aimed to elucidate whether maternal lithium chloride (LiCl) exposure disturbs the thyroid-cerebral axis in neonatal albino rats. 50 mg of LiCl/kg b.wt.

Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: A Hypothetical View.

The complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its COVID-19 disease on mothers and their offspring are less known. This review aimed to determine the transmission, severity, and complications of SARS- CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. This review showed the influence of COVID-19 disease on neonatal neurogenesis.

Maternal Sodium Valproate Exposure Alters Neuroendocrine-Cytokines and Oxido-inflammatory Axes in Neonatal Albino Rats.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of maternal sodium valproate (SVP) on neonatal neuroendocrine (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HPA)-cytokines and oxido-inflammatory axes.

Methods: Pregnant rats (Rattus norvegicus) were orally administered (by gavage) SVP (50 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 8 to lactation day (LD) 21.

Results: The elevation in serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels was highly significant at postnatal days (PNDs) 14 and 21 in both dams and neonates of the maternal SVP-treated group relative to those in the control group.

Perinatal fluoxetine treatment promotes long-term behavioral changes in adult mice.

Serotonin exerts a significant role in the mammalian central nervous system embryogenesis and brain ontogeny. Therefore, we investigate the effect of perinatal fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, administration on the behavioral expression of adult male Swiss mice. For this purpose, two groups (n = 6 each, and ~ 35 g) of pregnant female Swiss mice were mated.

Maternal lithium chloride exposure alters the neuroendocrine-cytokine axis in neonatal albino rats.

The aim of this work was to clarify whether maternal lithium chloride (LiCl) exposure disrupts the neonatal neuroendocrine-cytokine axis. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally administrated 50 mg LiCl/kg b.wt.

Gestational Arsenic Trioxide Exposure Acts as a Developing Neuroendocrine-Disruptor by Downregulating Nrf2/PPARγ and Upregulating Caspase-3/NF-ĸB/Cox2/BAX/iNOS/ROS.

The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of gestational administrations of arsenic trioxide (ATO; AsO) on fetal neuroendocrine development (the thyroid-cerebrum axis). Pregnant Wistar rats were orally administered ATO (5 or 10 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 1 to 20. Both doses of ATO diminished free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels and augmented thyrotropin level in both dams and fetuses at GD 20.

Gestational caffeine exposure acts as a fetal thyroid-cytokine disruptor by activating caspase-3/BAX/Bcl-2/Cox2/NF-κB at ED 20.

The objective of this examination was to explore the impact of gestational caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) exposure on the maternofetal thyroid axis and fetal thyroid-cytokine communications during gestation. Pregnant rats () were intraperitoneally administered caffeine (120 or 150 mg kg) from gestation day (GD) 1 to 20. Both doses of caffeine resulted in maternal hyperthyroidism, whereas the elevation in the concentration of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) was related to a depletion in the level of TSH at GD 20.

Overdoses of Acetaminophen Disrupt the Thyroid-Liver Axis in Neonatal Rats.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the impact of neonatal acetaminophen (APAP; paracetamol) administrations on the thyroid-liver axis in male Wistar rats.

Methods: APAP (100 or 350mg/kg) was orally administered to neonates from Postnatal Day (PND) 20 to 40.

Results: Both APAP doses elicited a substantial increase in serum TSH, albumin, AST, ALT, and ALP values, and a profound decrease in serum FT4 and FT3 values at PND 40 relative to those in the control group.

WITHDRAWN: Toxic effects of gestational arsenic trioxide on the neuroendocrine axis of developing rats.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

Suppressive effects of neonatal bisphenol A on the neuroendocrine system.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of neonatal bisphenol A (BPA) administration on neuroendocrine features (the thyroid-brain axis). BPA (20 or 40 µg/kg) was orally administered to juvenile male albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus) from postnatal days (PNDs) 15 to 30. Both doses resulted in lower serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and growth hormone levels and higher thyrotropin level than the control levels at PND 30.

Gestational 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) exposure disrupts fetoplacental unit: Fetal thyroid-cytokines dysfunction.

Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is related to several endocrine disorders. This study examined the effect of maternal exposure of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) on the fetoplacental unit and fetal thyroid-cytokine axis during the pregnancy. Pregnant albino rats received PCB 126 (20 or 40μg/kgb.

Maternal carbamazepine alters fetal neuroendocrine-cytokines axis.

This study detected the impact of maternal carbamazepine (CBZ) on the fetal neuroendocrine-cytokines axis. 25 or 50mg/kg of CBZ was intraperitoneally administrated to pregnant albino rats from the gestation day (GD) 1 to 20. Both administrations of CBZ caused a hypothyroidism in dams and fetuses whereas the decreases in serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and increases in serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were highly significant (LSD; P <0.

Maternal bisphenol A alters fetal endocrine system: Thyroid adipokine dysfunction.

Because bisphenol A (BPA) has been detected in animals, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of maternal BPA exposure on the fetal endocrine system (thyroid-adipokine axis). BPA (20 or 40 μg/kg body weight) was orally administered to pregnant rats from gestation day (GD) 1-20. In both treated groups, the dams and their fetuses had lower serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels, and higher thyrotropin (TSH) level than control dams and fetuses at GD 20.

Gestational dexamethasone alters fetal neuroendocrine axis.

This study tested whether the maternal transport of dexamethasone (DEXA) may affect the development of the neuroendocrine system. DEXA (0.2mg/kg b.

Protective effects of GM-CSF in experimental neonatal hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism induced by methimazole (MMI), has a negative impact on the postnatal development. Neonatal Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor [GM-CSF; 50μg/kg, intramuscular injection at postnatal day (PND) 17] had been tested to ameliorate the effects of MMI [0.05%, (weight per volume; w/v), intraperitoneal injection at PND 15]-induced hypothyroidism in Wistar rats.

Immune stimulation improves endocrine and neural fetal outcomes in a model of maternofetal thyrotoxicosis.

The potentiation of the immune system in pregnant rats was performed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant [CFA; 20μl, subcutaneous at gestation day (GD) 18] in experimentally-induced hyperthyroidism by Levo-thyroxine (L-T4; 10μg/100g of b.w., intraperitoneal from GD 2 to 17).

Hypothyroidism and brain developmental players.

Most of our knowledge on the mechanisms of thyroid hormone (TH) dependent brain development is based on clinical observations and animal studies of maternal/fetal hypothyroidism. THs play an essential role in brain development and hormone deficiency during critical phases in fetal life may lead to severe and permanent brain damage. Maternal hypothyroidism is considered the most common cause of fetal TH deficiency, but the problem may also arise in the fetus.