Virulence properties of rough and smooth strains of Vibrio cholerae O1.

A comparative study was carried out to see the differences in pathogenicity of rough and smooth strains. A total of 10 strains including 5 each of rough and smooth strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 were tested and found positive for toxin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Richardson's and AKI media. All the smooth and rough strains, except one, showed a titre of 1: 10 and 1: 100 in Richardson's and AKI media, respectively.

Community-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients.

CAP in elderly patients carries a significant economic and clinical burden and will be more commonly encountered in the future as the US population ages. Diagnosis may be obscured by a nonclassic presentation in an elderly patient, and the clinician needs to be especially suspicious of pneumonia whenever the clinical status of an elderly patient deteriorates. The single most important clinical decision is the site of care; this determination is not always based on clinical factors but also on social factors.

Travel epidemiology: the Saudi perspective.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia occupies four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, with a land area of 2 million square kilometres. Saudi Arabia holds a unique position in the Islamic world, as the custodian of the two holiest places of Islam, in Mecca and Medina. Annually, some 2 million Muslims from over 140 countries embark on Hajj.

Primary pleural synovial sarcoma. A case report and review of the literature.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor that occurs primarily in the extremities of young adults, especially in the periarticular region. In this report, we describe the rare occurrence of primary SS of the pleura in a 15-year-old boy. Histologically, the tumor demonstrated monophasic morphologic findings and showed positive staining with vimentin and Bcl-2 and focally for cytokeratin CK7.

Fibrosarcoma of the ovary arising in a fibrothecomatous tumor with minor sex cord elements. A Case report and review of the literature.

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial curettings showed complex atypical hyperplasia with focal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed a right ovarian mass.

Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in Saudi Arabia: a model for the Middle East region.

Worldwide, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common respiratory tract infection and is now a growing public health concern in Saudi Arabia. In an effort to simplify treatment regimens to aid the practitioner, empirical treatment guidelines for CAP have evolved across the international medical community, reducing the number of antibiotics used and improving outcomes. Saudi Arabia and the surrounding region have no such consensus guidelines and this document aims to redress this lack.

Varicella pneumonia: another 'steroid responsive' pneumonia?

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) pneumonitis remains an often-fatal complication of VZV infection. Antiviral agents and supportive care are widely accepted therapies. Cautious use of corticosteroids in life-threatening VZV pneumonitis may be justified.

Respiratory infection in the chronically critically ill patient. Ventilator-associated pneumonia and tracheobronchitis.

The long-term ventilated patient is at high risk for developing nosocomial pneumonia or tracheobronchitis. In general, the frequency of infection increases with the duration of mechanical ventilation, but the risk appears to be greatest in the first week of intubation. Although these types of infection are common and may have morbidity and mortality impact, the daily risk is less in the long-term ventilated patient than in the acutely ill intubated patient.

Sensitivity pattern and beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Aeromonas strains.

Of the 43 Aeromonas spp. isolated from various clinical samples 94% isolates were Beta-lactamase producers. The isolates were tested for sensitivity by disc diffusion method which is commonly used in Pakistan.

Increasing frequency of mecillinam-resistant shigella isolates in urban Dhaka and rural Matlab, Bangladesh: a 6 year observation.

A total of 14,915 shigella isolates obtained in 1991-1996 from patients attending the Dhaka (urban) and Matlab (rural) treatment centres of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh were examined for susceptibility to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, mecillinam and ciprofloxacin by a disc diffusion method. There were no ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella isolates. The prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and nalldixic acid varied between isolates.

Cardiopulmonary pathology in patients with sleep apnea/obesity hypoventilation syndrome.

We reviewed clinical data, autopsy reports, and microscopic slides on 10 patients with sleep apnea/obesity hypoventilation syndrome (SA/OHS) to define the cardiopulmonary pathological features and establish clinicopathologic correlations. Ten obese (>136 kg) patients without SA/OHS were studied as controls. Patients with SA/OHS exhibited biventricular cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension with a higher prevalence of moderate/severe pulmonary hemosiderosis (8 v 0 patients), alveolar hemorrhage (7 v 4 patients), capillary proliferation (4 v 0 patients), iron encrustation of elastica (1 v 0 patients) and medial hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries (11.

Psoriatic spondyloarthropathy with secondary amyloidosis.

We report an HLA-B27 positive patient with severe psoriatic spondyloarthropathy who developed secondary reactive amyloidosis. The clinical course was characterized by progressive renal failure with nephrotic syndrome and cardiac dysfunction. He died suddenly and autopsy revealed diffuse amyloid deposits in the heart, kidneys, and many other organs.

Disappearance of hepatic parenchymal nerves in human liver cirrhosis.

The normal human liver receives a substantial autonomic innervation that is thought to subserve motor, metabolic, and sensory functions. In this study an antibody to a neural axoplasmic protein (PGP 9.5) was used to visualise autonomic nerves in tissue from normal, precirrhotic, and cirrhotic livers.

A new combination chemotherapy for recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Thirty seven Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with recurrence after first remission induced by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy with mustine, oncovin, procarbazine and prednisolone (MOPP) were randomised to treat with a new combination chemotherapy comprising of doxorubicin, oncovin, procarbazine and prednisolone (DOPP). While the other group received further cycles of MOPP. Twenty two patients received DOPP and out of them 14 (63.

Gauze filtration and enrichment procedures for recovery of Vibrio cholerae from contaminated waters.

Gauze filtration followed by 18-h enrichment in alkaline bile-peptone water is a simple, inexpensive, and efficient method for isolation Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor from contaminated surface waters.

Uptake of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor from contaminated water by water hyacinth (eichornia crassipes).

Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor appears to concentrate on the surface of the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), thereby enhancing its survival and its potential for transmission through waterways of cholera-endemic regions such as Bangladesh.

[Beclobrate and eniclobrate hydrochloride, new diphenylmethane derivatives as agents for lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Part I: Synthesis and consideration of structure-activity relationships (author's transl)].

Within the course of a research project for finding new lipid-lowering substances with better therapeutic indices than the standard agent in use, various diphenylmethane derivatives were synthesized and tested with respect to their activity and toxicity. On the basis of these results Sgd 24774 (beclobrate) and Sgd 33374 (eniclobrate-hydrochloride) were selected for further investigation and clinical studies.

Cancer morbidity.

In the present study, 1736 cases of cancer has been analysed by major sites, sub-sites and mortality trend. The most common cancerous lesion in the male was in the lungs and in the female in the uterine cervix. The second common lesion in male and female were larynx and breast respectively.

Cancer of male breast. (A report on incidence).

During a retrospective study of 1843 patients with malignant lesions, 83 were identified as breast cancer. Of these, 4 turned out to be male breast cancer showing a male to female ratio of this neoplasms to be 1:19.7.