Immunohistochemical study to detect glucagon and insulin hormones in pancreas of camel and buffalo.

Background And Aim: Glucagon plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis by controlling hepatic glucose output in terms of both hypoglycemic and normoglycemic conditions. This study aimed to determine the amount and intensity of insulin and glucagon in addition to estimating the relationship between α- and β-cells for two animals, camel and buffalo.

Materials And Methods: Twenty fresh pancreas samples were collected from 10 buffalo and 10 camel adults immediately after slaughter from AL-Kut abattoir, Al- Kut, Iraq.

Identification of carbon nanotube particles in liver tissue and its effects on apoptosis of birds exposed to air pollution.

Aim: This study aimed to distinguish carbon nanotube (CNT) particles and their pathological effects on the liver of birds in areas with carbon emissions.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one domestic ducks were collected from pure farmers and exposed to different sources of air pollution. Histological stains were used to detect the accumulation of carbon particles.