Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: usage patterns and response to treatment in Qatar over ten years.

Background: IVIg is a blood-derived antibody product initially designed as a replacement therapy in inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). However, over the last 50 years, IVIg has been used to treat a growing range of autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and secondary immunodeficiency disorders. The US FDA has licensed IVIg for use in the treatment of nine clinical indications; although, IVIg global usage extends to off-label indications with variable treatment responses.

Does the placement of acetabular cups differ between right and left sides for a right-handed surgeon operating through a direct lateral approach? A comparative study.

Purpose: Although many factors were suggested to affect acetabular cup positioning during primary total hip arthroplasty, the effect of surgeon handedness was rarely evaluated. We aimed primarily to assess the difference in cup positioning (inclination and anteversion) between the right and left sides during primary THA. Secondly, to check the difference in the percentages of cups positioned in the safe zone for inclination and anteversion and if there will be a difference in cup positioning according to the type of cup fixation (cemented vs.

Selective targeting of chemically modified miR-34a to prostate cancer using a small molecule ligand and an endosomal escape agent.

Use of tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) as anti-cancer agents is hindered by the lack of effective delivery vehicles, entrapment of the miRNA within endocytic compartments, and rapid degradation of miRNA by nucleases. To address these issues, we developed a miRNA delivery strategy that includes (1) a targeting ligand, (2) an endosomal escape agent, nigericin and (3) a chemically modified miRNA. The delivery ligand, DUPA (2-[3-(1,3-dicarboxy propyl) ureido] pentanedioic acid), was selected based on its specificity for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a receptor routinely upregulated in prostate cancer-one of the leading causes of cancer death among men.

Developing Folate-Conjugated miR-34a Therapeutic for Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Promises.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a common cancer with high mortality in men due to its heterogeneity and the emergence of drug resistance. A critical factor contributing to its lethality is the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which can self-renew, long-term propagate tumors, and mediate treatment resistance. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) has shown promise as an anti-PCSC therapeutic by targeting critical molecules involved in cancer stem cell (CSC) survival and functions.

Total Mesorectal Excision with or without Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Rectal Cancer.

Results: Incidence of local recurrence was slightly higher in Group A (8.7%) than in Group B (4.3%) but was not statistically significant.

Developing folate-conjugated miR-34a therapeutic for prostate cancer treatment: Challenges and promises.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a common cancer with high mortality in men due to its heterogeneity and the emergence of drug resistance. A critical factor contributing to its lethality is the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which can self-renew, long-term propagate tumors and mediate treatment resistance. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) has shown promise as an anti-PCSC therapeutic by targeting critical molecules involved in cancer stem cell (CSC) survival and functions.

Cyclic Esotropia Managed With Botulinum A Toxin Injections: A Report of Four Cases and Literature Review.

Cyclic strabismus is a rare entity and is unique in that patients follow variable but reliable time cycles where they alternate between orthotropia or "straight" eyes and strabismus, most commonly in the form of esotropia. Despite many theories on the underlying etiology and unique features of this diagnosis, none have been proven and its pathophysiology remains unknown. Four cases of cyclic esotropia diagnosed by pediatric ophthalmologists have been included in this report.

A first-in-class fully modified version of miR-34a with outstanding stability, activity, and anti-tumor efficacy.

Altered by defects in p53, epigenetic silencing, and genomic loss, the microRNA miR-34a represents one of the most clinically relevant tumor-suppressive microRNAs. Without question, a striking number of patients with cancer would benefit from miR-34a replacement, if poor miR-34a stability, non-specific delivery, and delivery-associated toxicity could be overcome. Here, we highlight a fully modified version of miR-34a (FM-miR-34a) that overcomes these hurdles when conjugated to a synthetically simplistic ligand.

The Association between Prepartum Rumination Time, Activity and Dry Matter Intake and Subclinical Hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia in the First 3 Days Postpartum in Holstein Dairy Cows.

Changes in prepartum behaviors such as total daily rumination (TDR), total daily activity (TDA) and dry matter intake (DMI) have the potential to be used as early indicators for cows at risk for subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) or hypomagnesemia (HYM) after calving. Our objective was to investigate associations between average daily rate of change in total daily rumination (ΔTDR), total daily activity (ΔTDA) and dry matter intake (ΔDMI) from -3 days prepartum to calving with SCH and HYM at D0 or D3 relative to calving. Prepartum TDR, TDA and DMI were measured in 64 Holstein dairy cows.

Total hip arthroplasty for post-firearm hip arthritis complicated by coloarticular fistula: A case report.

Hip firearm injuries are rare injuries that could lead to serious complications, such as posttraumatic hip arthritis and coloarticular fistula. We report a case of a 25-year-old male who sustained a pelvic injury caused by a single bullet which led to a bilateral acetabular fracture, concomitant with a colon injury treated on an emergency basis by a diverting colostomy; acetabular fractures were treated conservatively by traction. After the patient recovered from the abdominal injury, he was presented with bilateral hip pain and limited motion; plain radiographs showed bilateral hip arthritis with proximal migration of the femoral head and bilateral acetabular defect classified as Paprosky type ⅢA.

Activated Platelet Rich Plasma versus Non-Activated Platelet Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata.

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a common recurrent T cell-mediated autoimmune-induced non-scarring hair loss with not fully understood pathogenesis. It affects nearly 2% of the general population during lifetime. The course of the disease is unpredictable, and currently no treatment is available for complete cure or prevention.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of clinical and subclinical bovine respiratory disease in Holstein calves.

Background And Aim: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of death in calves, and early BRD diagnosis saves lives. This study aimed to diagnose clinical and subclinical BRD in calves by assessing some biochemical alterations and ultrasonography (USG).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four Holstein dairy calves in Al-Sharqiyah Province, Egypt, were used in the study.

Biological Evaluation of Grid versus 3D Conformal Radiotherapy in Bulky Head and Neck Cancer.

Unlabelled: Grid radiotherapy is one of the treatment techniques applied to treat patients with advanced bulky tumors.

Purpose: This study aims to estimate the difference in biological and dosimetric parameters of the grid radiotherapy technique for the treatment of bulky head and neck (H and N) tumors and compare it with conventional conformal radiotherapy.

Subjects And Methods: Three-dimensional conformal and grid radiotherapy were designed by the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS).

Nonsurgical management of atraumatic early distal femoral periprosthetic insufficiency fracture after primary total knee arthroplasty, a report of two cases.

Periprosthetic distal femoral fractures after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are considered rare; however, they pose a challenge for the treating surgeon, and the management options are mostly surgical (open reduction and internal fixation or revision surgery). We present two female patients who developed atraumatic lateral femoral condyle fractures three weeks after primary TKA; both were treated nonsurgically with acceptable outcomes and patient satisfaction. We believe that nonsurgical management of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures could be an economical solution in selected cases; it also could help maintain the distal femoral bone stock till a revision surgery is performed.

Normative Values for Corneal Tomography and Comparison of Both Eyes in Young Saudi Males with 20/20 Vision Using Pentacam-HR Scheimpflug Imaging.

Purpose: Anterior segment evaluation using Scheimpflug imaging with the Pentacam scanner allows the acquisition of a plethora of information. It aids in screening and diagnosing corneal pathologies and determining suitability for keratorefractive procedures. This research has significant benefits in terms of establishing normative tomographic values, which is crucial in countries where Keratoconus (KC) is more prevalent, especially among young age group, along with aiding future research in the field of refractive surgery by providing relevant normative data.

Smartphone Application Helps Improve the Accuracy of Cup Placement by Young, Less-Experienced Surgeons during Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) partly under the surgeon's control, by appropriate placement of the components. We aimed in this study to determine the accuracy of using intra-operative smartphone applications (Apps) to place the acetabular cup within the safe abduction angle by less experienced surgeons during THA surgery when compared to the conventional freehand technique for cup placement.

Methods: Sixty primary THAs were performed, 30 using the conventional freehand technique (control group) and 30 using the smartphone app technique (study group) to determine the acetabular cup abduction angle by the same young surgeon with less than one year of experience.

Ligand-mediated delivery of RNAi-based therapeutics for the treatment of oncological diseases.

RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics (miRNAs, siRNAs) have great potential for treating various human diseases through their ability to downregulate proteins associated with disease progression. However, the development of RNAi-based therapeutics is limited by lack of safe and specific delivery strategies. A great effort has been made to overcome some of these challenges resulting in development of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands that are being used for delivery of siRNAs for the treatment of diseases that affect the liver.

Indications of Keratoplasty and Outcomes of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Compared to Penetrating Keratoplasty.

Background Corneal diseases are a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness. Despite the treatable nature of many corneal diseases before visual demise, many cases of advanced disease necessitating keratoplasty for visual rehabilitation are encountered. A mismatch between the number of corneal donors and potential recipients also exists worldwide, with underutilization of certain types of keratoplasty techniques that may allow more efficient use of this limited resource.

Prediction of leg length change (LLC) after correcting varus and flexion deformity in patients undergoing TKA.

Purpose: Patients with varus and fixed flexion deformity (FFD) undergoing TKA may have a significant leg length change (LLC) after surgery. We aimed to determine the correlation between changes in HKA or FFD and leg length in patients undergoing TKA, the combined effect of coronal and sagittal plane deformity correction on LLC, and the possibility of estimating LLC mathematically.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective radiographic evaluation of 242 knees, which had undergone primary unilateral TKA for advanced OA with varus and FFD.

Mode of Delivery in the Setting of Repeated Vitreous Hemorrhages in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The state of pregnancy affects all organ systems including the eyes. Progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a known association. In proliferative DR, there is an increased risk of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) during spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) due to the Valsalva maneuver.

The Outcome of Posterior-Stabilized, Rotating Platform Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Minimum Ten-Year Follow-Up, a Middle East Institution Experience.

Posterior-stabilized, rotating platform knee prosthesis design was aimed to decrease polyethylene wear for the sake of improving implant survivorship. The purpose of the present prospective study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic results as well as the survival rate after using a rotating platform, posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis at a minimum of 10 years at a Middle East institution. We compared the results with reports in the literature on western populations.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes, parasite control practices and anthelmintic resistance patterns in a working horse population in Egypt.

Background: Anthelmintic resistance is commonly reported in horse populations in developed countries, but evidence in some working horse populations is either lacking or inconclusive.

Objectives: To estimate prevalence of GI nematode infections in working horses in Egypt and to evaluate strongyle resistance to ivermectin, doramectin and fenbendazole.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.