Intracranial Cysts: A Single-Institution Experience With 27 Surgically Managed Cases.

Introduction Intracranial cysts (ICs) are rare pathologies that are often found incidentally during radiological examinations. They may appear in various brain regions and are categorized as normal, congenital, traumatic, or tumor-associated variants. ICs can be asymptomatic or cause symptoms, such as headaches, visual impairments, or seizures, depending on their size and location.

Outcomes of central nervous system tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: a multi-center study.

Objectives: Central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) (CNS-TB) can occur in several forms, including intracranial tuberculoma, tuberculous brain abscess, TB meningitis (TBM), and spinal TB. Early treatment can save lives and prevent severe neurological complications. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and post-treatment outcomes of patients with CNS-TB and identify factors associated with poor outcomes.

The interplay mechanism between IDH mutation, MGMT-promoter methylation, and PRMT5 activity in the progression of grade 4 astrocytoma: unraveling the complex triad theory.

Background: The dysregulation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and the subsequent production of 2-Hydroxyglutrate (2HG) may alter the expression of epigenetic proteins in Grade 4 astrocytoma. The interplay mechanism between IDH, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (-promoter methylation, and protein methyltransferase proteins-5 ( activity, with tumor progression has never been described.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 34 patients with G4 astrocytoma is classified into IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype tumors.

Does exogenous hormonal therapy affect the risk of glioma among females: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of exogenous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) on glioma risk in females is unclear despite numerous studies; hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate this relationship.

Methods: Studies investigating the impact of exogenous female hormones on glioma risk were retrieved by searching 4 databases from inception until September 2022. Articles of any design, such as case-control and cohort studies, proving the relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR), or hazard ratio were included.

The effect of p53 on the activity of NRF2 and NDRG2 genes through apoptotic pathway in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.

Background: Tumor suppressor (p53) acts to integrate multiple stress signals into diverse antiproliferative responses. Its potential to transactivate or downregulate genes through apoptotic pathway in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma has never been explored.

Methods: A group of twenty patients diagnosed with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, were tested for p53 expression and NDRG2/NRF2 genes activity through protein and gene profiling assays.

Awake craniotomy for fenestration of motor cortex neuroglial cyst: A case report.

Background: Neuroglial cysts (NCs) are uncommon benign cysts covered by an epithelial layer, accounting for <1% of all intracranial cysts. The optimal management approach for these cysts remains a subject of debate. Given their rarity, management principles used for arachnoid cysts can be applied to NCs.

Xanthogranuloma of the suprasellar region mimicking cystic craniopharyngioma: A case report.

Background: Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region is an extremely rare benign entity with only case reports and series documented in the literature. We aim to describe in this report a case of a suprasellar xanthogranuloma that was diagnosed initially as a cystic craniopharyngioma.

Case Description: A 28-year-old woman presented to the clinic with a 2-week history of headaches, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting.

A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 cited articles for hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system.

Hemangioblastoma is a rare benign tumor that can affect the central nervous system sporadically or in association with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Despite the advances in the medical field, hemangioblastoma still has a significant morbidity and mortality burden. This review gathered and analyzed this entity's top one hundred cited articles.

Outcomes of Cranioplasty: A Single-Center Experience.

Background Cranioplasty (CP) is a common cranial reconstructive procedure. It is performed after craniectomy due to various causes such as relieving increased intracranial pressure, infection, and tumor infiltration. Although CP is an easy procedure, it is associated with a high rate of complications.

The Utilization of Lumbar MRI for Lower Back Pain at National Guard Hospital, Jeddah: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction Magnetic reasoning imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for detecting spinal pathologies. The study of the appropriateness of MRI utilization in Saudi Arabia is lacking. As a result, this research aims to assess the use and misuse of lumbar MRI in lower back pain (LBP) at the National Guard Hospital (NGH) in Jeddah city.

Equiosmolar hypertonic saline and mannitol for brain relaxation in patients undergoing supratentorial tumor surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hypertonic saline (HS) and mannitol are hyperosmolar agents that are usually used to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) and provide a satisfactory brain relaxation. The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of HS and mannitol on brain relaxation intraoperatively in patient undergoing craniotomies for supra-tentorial brain tumors.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Patterns and Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives The objectives of this study are to explore the most common causes, patterns, and severities of head traumas, to evaluate the outcomes of traumatic head injury (TBI) patients followed in the clinic, and to calculate the prevalence of admitted cases. Methods In our retrospective cohort study, we included all the cases of adults above 18 years old diagnosed with head traumas (171 patients). The inclusion criteria were patients who presented to the emergency department at National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2016 to 2020.

Diagnostic Discrepancies Between Intraoperative Frozen Section and Permanent Histopathological Diagnosis of Brain Tumors.

Objective: Intraoperative frozen section (IOFS) diagnosis of brain tumors plays an important role in assessing the adequacy of the sample and determining the treatment plan. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy between IOFS and permanent sections.

Material And Method: The authors reviewed the histopathological results of 383 brain tumors, including IOFS and permanent histological diagnosis.

Central nervous system vasculopathy and Seckel syndrome: case illustration and systematic review.

Purpose: To systematically review reported cases of Seckel syndrome (SS) and point out cases associated with central nervous system (CNS) vasculopathy and provide a summary of their clinical presentation, management, and outcomes including our illustrative case.

Methods: We conducted a search on the MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases using the keywords "Seckel + syndrome." We identified 127 related articles reporting 252 cases of SS apart from our case.

Sensitivity Assessment of Wilms Tumor Gene () Expression in Glioblastoma using qPCR and Immunohistochemistry and its Association with Mutation and Recurrence Interval.

Purpose: Wilms tumor 1 () gene has recently shown a role in gliomagenesis, making it a potential immunotherapy target in glioblastomas. We aimed to investigate the most sensitive method to detect WT1 expression in glioblastoma and explore the relationship between expression, IDH1 mutation and recurrence interval.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data were collected from 44 patients with glioblastomas, treated with adjuvant therapies.

Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Neurosurgery Residency: Trainers' and Trainees' Perspectives.

Introduction: After the official announcement of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, the disease impacted most aspects of health care delivery, especially postgraduate education and training.

Method: A cross-sectional, online questionnaire-based assessment was performed. The study participants involved neurosurgery residents and program directors (PDs) across the country between May 16 and May 27, 2020.

The Impact of IDH1 Mutation and MGMT Promoter Methylation on Recurrence-Free Interval in Glioblastoma Patients Treated With Radiotherapy and Chemotherapeutic Agents.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 () mutation and O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase () promoter methylation with recurrence-free interval in glioblastoma patients treated with chemoradiotherapies. Clinical data were collected from 82 patients with totally resected glioblastoma and treated with adjuvant therapies from 2014 to 2019. mutation was assessed by immunohistochemistry and promoter methylation was assessed by different sequencing methods.

Epidemiological distribution of primary central nervous system tumors in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia: a local registry from neuroscience-affiliated centers.

Objectives: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a major and growing global healthcare challenge. Western Saudi Arabia has an inconsistent data registry; therefore, the epidemiology of CNS tumors is unclear across the country. This study is aimed to assemble the epidemiological matrix of CNS tumors in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia.

Prognostic value of TP53 expression and MGMT methylation in glioblastoma patients treated with temozolomide combined with other chemotherapies.

Objective: To assess the recurrence interval and predictive significance of TP53 expression and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in glioblastomas treated with radiotherapy and combined chemotherapies, including temozolomide, lomustine, procarbazine and bevacizumab.

Method: We reviewed the clinical outcomes of 52 totally resected glioblastoma patients, who received conventional radiotherapy and temozolomide with other chemotherapeutic agents. Correlation of TP53 expression and MGMT promotor methylation with recurrence interval was analyzed using Kaplan Meier estimates.

Synovial sarcoma of the spine: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Synovial sarcoma (SS) of the spine is a rare malignant soft-tissue tumor, and there are few reported cases. The aim of this paper is to report a rare case of spinal SS involving the paraspinal muscles, and to review all such cases reported in the literature.

Case Description: In this paper, we report a rare case of spinal SS involving the paraspinal muscles in a 12-year-old girl.

Management and treatment recommendations for World Health Organization Grade III and IV gliomas.

The treatment recommendations provided in this manuscript are intended to serve as a knowledge base for clinicians and health personals involved in treating patients with high-grade malignant glioma. In newly diagnosed patients, complete resection or biopsy is required for histological characterization of the tumor, which in turn is essential to decide the treatment strategy. In patients with good or borderline performance score, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy are the preferred management.

Outcome of patients with glioblastoma in Saudi Arabia: Single center experience.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is associated with one of the worst 5 year survival rates among all human cancer types. To date, no published data are available for the outcome of this disease in Saudi Arabia. The present study performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study to evaluate the outcome of patients with GBM in Saudi Arabia.