The acquired gene cluster in mediates resistance to copper.

The pervasive environmental metal contamination has led to selection of heavy-metal resistance genes in bacteria. The and clusters are located on a mobile genetic element and linked to heavy-metal resistance. These clusters have been found in serovars isolated from human clinical cases and foods of animal origin.

Draft genome sequences of nine non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing in ready-to-eat food from supermarkets in Argentina.

Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) are recognized as an important group of bacterial enteropathogens. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of nine strains of non-O157 STEC isolated from ready-to-eat foods in Argentina. The whole-genome sequence data provide a better understanding of these isolates and will aid epidemiological investigation during outbreaks.

CtpB Facilitates Growth in Copper-Limited Niches.

Copper is required for aerobic respiration by and its human host, but this essential element is toxic in abundance. Copper nutritional immunity refers to host processes that modulate levels of free copper to alternately starve and intoxicate invading microbes. Bacteria engulfed by macrophages are initially contained within copper-limited phagosomes, which fuse with ATP7A vesicles that pump in toxic levels of copper.

Use of a Ferret Model to Test Efficacy and Immunogenicity of Live Attenuated Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Vaccines.

Native hosts for the bacterial agent that causes Johne's disease are ruminants, which include cattle, sheep and goats among others. These large animals are often too costly to be used in testing experimental vaccines. In this chapter, we provide detailed methods to use an inexpensive and more manageable animal host, the ferret, to test efficacy and immunogenicity of live-attenuated Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) mutant strains prior to consideration as vaccine candidates.

Animal brucellosis in Egypt.

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis that affects the public health and economic performance of endemic as well as non-endemic countries. In developing nations, brucellosis is often a very common but neglected disease. The purpose of this review is to provide insight about brucellosis in animal populations in Egypt and help to understand the situation from 1986 to 2013.

Characterization of ternary complexes of meloxicam-HPbetaCD and PVP or L-arginine prepared by the spray-drying technique.

Ternary complexes of meloxicam (ME) (a poorly water soluble anti-inflammatory drug) with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) and either a hydrophilic polymer, namely, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or a basic amino acid such as L-arginine, were prepared by the spray-drying technique. The solubilizing efficiency, physical properties and dissolution behaviour of each ternary system of ME-HPbetaCD with either PVP or L-arginine were compared with those of the corresponding binary system of ME-HPbetaCD. Tablets compressed from the ternary system of ME-HPbetaCD-L-arginine were compared with plain and commercial tablets.