The Average Age of Atrioventricular Block Onset in Middle Eastern Patients with Cardiac Rhythm Devices Adjusted for the Overall Young Population: Insights from a Multicenter International Registry.

Background: Previous registries have shown a younger average age at presentation with cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East (ME), but no study has examined atrioventricular block (AVB). Moreover, these comparisons are confounded by younger populations in the ME. We sought to describe the average age at presentation with AVB in ME and quantify the effect of being from ME, adjusted for the overall younger population.

Characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Little work has been done on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Saudi Arabia. Our goal is to report the characteristics of OHCA patients and predictors of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA), a governmental emergency medical service (EMS).

Characteristics and predictors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in young adults hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective cohort study of 30,000 patients in the Gulf region.

Introduction: The characteristics of young adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been well described. The mean age of gulf citizens in ACS registries is 10-15 years younger than their western counterparts, which provided us with a unique opportunity to investigate the characteristics and predictors of OHCA in young adults presenting with ACS.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from 7 prospective ACS registries in the Gulf region.

Medical Autopsy for Sudden Unexplained Death in Saudi Arabia: A Call to Action.

Sudden unexplained death (SUD) is a sudden, unexpected, and unexplained death in an individual older than 1 year. It is one of the most devastating and tragic events to families and the community at large, particularly when it happens at a young age. Finding the cause of SUD is extremely important in order to prevent its recurrence in the family, and to help understand the epidemiology of SUD in the community.

Saudi Heart Association, National Heart Center and National Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Committee taskforce statement on CPR and resuscitation during COVID-19 pandemic.

Corona virus disease 2019 is a global pandemic, which affects around 2million individuals with a high death rate that exceeds 90,000 death cases across the globe. The Saudi Heart Association and the national cardiopulmonary resuscitation committee developed a taskforce to discuss the magnitude of clinical situation and CPR management on COVID-19 patients in a prehospital and in-hospital settings. Meanwhile, the taskforce aims to develop a nation-wide clinical guidance to be used by health care workers and untrained laypersons to resuscitate COVID-19 suspected and diagnosed patients.

Food and Migration: Dietary Acculturation among Migrants to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross sectional study design was used based on 2 questionnaires; Rosenmoller et al's and the WHO STEPS surveillance tool for chronic disease surveillance. Data on length of residency, dietary patterns, anthropometric and biochemical measurements were collected by trained interviewers. Descriptive statistics were reported as a percentage or mean, as appropriate.

Endothelial dysfunction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with low cardiac disease risk.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. We prospectively evaluated endothelial function by assessing flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. This prospective study included 139 patients (50 healthy controls, 47 patients with steatosis and 42 patients with steatohepatitis), all of whom were nondiabetic.

Sex differences in implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy according to arrhythmia detection times.

Objective: In implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), long-detection times safely reduce unnecessary and inappropriate therapies. We aimed to evaluate ICD treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in women, compared with men, also taking into account ICD detection.

Methods: The Advance III trial randomised patients implanted with an ICD for primary or secondary prevention in two arms-long and nominal ventricular arrhythmias detection times before therapy delivering (number of intervals needed to detect (NID) 30/40 and 18/24, respectively).

Performance of neck circumference to predict obesity and metabolic syndrome among adult Saudis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Neck circumference (NC) is a novel simple and stable body measurement, a growing body of evidence indicates its validity to diagnose obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Because the cutoff value of NC is gender and ethnic-specific; we conducted the current study to explore the performance of NC to predict general obesity, central obesity, and MetS among adult Saudis of both genders.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which included 3063 adult Saudis (1156 males and 1907 females) with a mean age of 38.

Baseline characteristics, management practices, and long-term outcomes among patients with first presentation acute myocardial infarction in the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-II).

Background And Objectives: Limited data are available highlighting the different clinical aspects of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, especially in Gulf countries. In this study, we aimed to compare patients who presented with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as the first presentation of patients who have a history of ACS in terms of initial presentation, medical history, laboratory findings, and overall mortality.

Methods: We used the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-II), which is a multinational observational study of 7930 ACS patients.

Patient Adherence to Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Occurrence of Associated Bleeding Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Real-world evidence from published observational studies of adherence to Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) medications and associated clinical outcome events in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients, was reviewed systematically.

Methods: Observational studies assessing patient adherence to NOACs conducted on AF patients between September 2010 and June 2016 were identified by systematic searching keywords to locate eligible studies, in accordance with Cochrane guidelines. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify the studies.

Clinical profile and mutation spectrum of long QT syndrome in Saudi Arabia: The impact of consanguinity.

Background: Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited, potentially fatal arrhythmogenic disorder. At least 16 genes have been implicated in LQTS; the yield of genetic analysis of 3 genes (KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A) is about 70%, with KCNQ1 mutations accounting for ∼50% of positive cases. LQTS is mostly inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

Quality of care in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment -elevation myocardial infarction: Gulf RACE 2 experience.

Background And Objectives: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has been recognized as an effective management strategy for acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there is no first-hand information regarding the quality of pPCI procedures in the Arabian Gulf countries. This study aims to explore the quality of pPCI practice.

Absence of obesity paradox in Saudi patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes: insights from SPACE registry.

Background And Objectives: To describe the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and its relationship with clinical features, management, and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Design And Settings: The Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events is a prospective registry. ACS patients admitted to 17 hospitals from December 2005-2007 were included in this study.

Novel links among peroxiredoxins, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease.

Peroxiredoxins, a group of antioxidant protein enzymes (PRDX1 to 6), are reported as antiatherogenic factors in animals; however, human studies are lacking. The present work aims to provide baseline data regarding the phenotype of PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 in diabetic patients with peripheral atherosclerosis disease (PAD) and their relation to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and disease severity. Plasma levels of PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 and markers of endothelial dysfunction (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) were measured using ELISA in 55 type 2 diabetic patients having PAD and 25 healthy subjects.

Age and its relationship to acute coronary syndromes in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events (SPACE) registry: The SPACE age study.

Objective: To characterize risk profile of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in different age groups and compare management provided to in-hospital outcome.

Design: Prospective multi-hospital registry.

Setting: Seventeen secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Diagnostic yield and therapeutic impact of transthoracic echocardiography in patients with potential cardiac sources of cerebral embolism.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic yield of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and assess the effect of echocardiographic findings on subsequent therapy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed TTE reports and hospital records of patients diagnosed with a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), screening for potential cardiac sources of embolism (CSE) from January 2006 to December 2008 at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by considering at least 15 predefined TTE criteria. The therapeutic interventions employed as a consequence of the TTE findings were sought.