and seropositivity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its relation to disease activity and type of therapies.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most frequently encountered autoimmune rheumatic disease in children. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to estimate the frequency of ( and seropositivity in JIA and assess its relation to the disease activity, IL-10 levels, and type of the received therapies. This study was conducted on 43 JIA patients and 50 cases as a control group.

Consumptive hypothyroidism in a two months old infant secondary to hepatic haemangiomas.

The case described in this report is of a two-month-old boy who presented with severe hypothyroidism. The infant also had multiple hepatic haemangiomas. The cause of hypothyroidism was found to be due to consumption of the hormone by the tumour.

Prevalence and clinical presentation at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in AL-Baha region, Saudi Arabia.

Background: The objectives were to describe the frequency of clinical presentation at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to estimate the prevalence of T1DM among children and adolescents in the AL-Baha region, Saudi Arabia, aiming for early diagnosis of T1DM.

Methods: The clinical and laboratory data of 471 children and adolescents who presented with T1DM and received medical care at an AL-Baha diabetic center during the period from 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed based on the records.

Results: The prevalence of T1DM in the AL-Baha region was 355 per 100,000 population in participants aged from 0 to 19 years.

Ten steps to plan, design, and implement an endocrinology and endocrine surgery module for the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University.

Introduction: The Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University (FMBU), is a newly established medical school that implements a community-oriented and integrated system-based curriculum which is suitable for both medical students and serving the needs of the local community.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the steps that were followed to plan, design, and implement an endocrinology and endocrine surgery module (EESM) for the fourth-year medical students, as an example of how system-based modules are designed at FMBU.

Methods: Ten questions based on Harden's methodolgy were asked in order to design, plan, and implement an endocrinology and endocrine surgery module.