Physiological and Anatomical Mechanisms in Wheat to Cope with Salt Stress Induced by Seawater.

Two pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to examine C fixation and its distribution in biochemical leaf components, as well as the physiological and anatomical adaptability responses of wheat ( L.) grown with seawater diluted to 0.2, 3.

Hydrogen-assisted Carbon Dioxide Thermochemical Reduction on La Ca FeO Membranes: A Kinetics Study.

Kinetics data for CO thermochemical reduction in an isothermal membrane reactor is required to identify the rate-limiting steps. A detailed reaction kinetics study on this process supported by an La Ca FeO (LCF-91) membrane is thus reported. The dependence of CO reduction rate on various operating conditions is examined, such as CO concentration on the feed side, fuel concentrations on the sweep side, and temperatures.

Enhanced intermediate-temperature CO splitting using nonstoichiometric ceria and ceria-zirconia.

CO splitting via thermo-chemical or reactive redox has emerged as a novel and promising carbon-neutral energy solution. Its performance depends critically on the properties of the oxygen carriers (OC). Ceria is recognized as one of the most promising OC candidates, because of its fast chemistry, high ionic diffusivity, and large oxygen storage capacity.

Toward enhanced hydrogen generation from water using oxygen permeating LCF membranes.

Hydrogen production from water thermolysis can be enhanced by the use of perovskite-type mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes, through which oxygen permeation is driven by a chemical potential gradient. In this work, water thermolysis experiments were performed using 0.9 mm thick La0.

Biomass torrefaction: modeling of reaction thermochemistry.

Based on the evolution of volatile and solid products predicted by a previous model for willow torrefaction (Bates and Ghoniem, 2012) a thermochemical model has been developed to describe their thermal, chemical, and physical properties as well as the rates of heat release. The first stage of torrefaction, associated with hemicellulose decomposition, is exothermic releasing between 40 and 280 kJ/kginitial. The second stage is associated with the decomposition of the remaining lignocellulosic components, completes over a longer period, and is predicted to be either endothermic or exothermic depending on the temperature and assumed solid properties.

Biomass torrefaction: modeling of volatile and solid product evolution kinetics.

The aim of this work is the development of a kinetics model for the evolution of the volatile and solid product composition during torrefaction conditions between 200 and 300°C. Coupled to an existing two step solid mass loss kinetics mechanism, this model describes the volatile release kinetics in terms of a set of identifiable chemical components, permitting the solid product composition to be estimated by mass conservation. Results show that most of the volatiles released during the first stage include highly oxygenated species such as water, acetic acid, and carbon dioxide, while volatiles released during the second step are composed primarily of lactic acid, methanol, and acetic acid.