Protective Efficacy of Astaxanthin Against Acrylonitrile-Induced Toxicity: Hematological Analysis and Histopathological and Immunoexpression Study of TGF-β in the Heart, Kidney, and Liver of Albino Rats.

Scientific research is currently moving towards studies of natural antioxidants that could reduce the deleterious effects resulting from the toxicity of materials used in industry in order to preserve the environment and public health. Astaxanthin "king of antioxidants". is known for its remarkable protection against numerous environmentally harmful substances, but not against acrylonitrile, which is utilized in the manufacturing of plastics, rubber, and synthetic fibers.

Customizing the optical, electronic and transport attributes of lead-free hybrid FASnBr perovskites triggered by spin-orbit coupling and strains.

Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites are emerging as promising materials for solar energy due to their unique structures and electronic properties. However, the commonly studied MAPbI and FAPbI are toxic and less stable, prompting the necessity for safer replacements. Using the density functional theory (DFT), this study explored the effects of strains and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on Sn-based FASnBr perovskites and the accuracy and validity of the obtained results were confirmed with the existing experimental results.

Mitigative and neuroprotective effects of essential oil on serotonin syndrome-induced neurotoxicity in male albino rats.

The term serotonin syndrome (SS) is a potentially life-threatening devastating condition triggered by the excessive accumulation of serotonin, often due to an overdose or the concurrent use of multiple serotonergic drugs. (lavender), a known plant from the Lamiaceae family, is very rich in essential oils, minerals, and tannins. This study aimed to elucidate the detrimental effects of SS on the brain and to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of essential oil.

Baicalin nanoemulsion mitigates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and restoring cellular integrity.

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical utility is limited by side effects affecting different systems and organs, including hepatotoxicity in some cases. Baicalin, a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties, but its low bioavailability limits its therapeutic use. This study aimed to investigate whether a nanoemulsion formulation of baicalin could enhance its efficacy against cisplatin-induced hepatic injury in rats.

Oral Supplements of Combined Lactobacillus plantarum and Asparagus officinalis Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits and Neurodegeneration in Rats.

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption disrupts the gut microbiome, instigating metabolic disturbance, brain pathology, and cognitive decline via the gut-brain axis. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation have been found to improve gut microbiome health, suggesting they could be effective in managing neurodegenerative disorders. This study explored the potential benefits of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 20174 (L.

Ultrasound-guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized, Comparative Study.

Objectives: This study compared the postoperative analgesic efficacy of serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) in children undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Setting: Operating room and intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.

Design: A single-center, randomized, comparative, open-labeled study.

First-principles investigations of As-doped tetragonal boron nitride nanosheets for toxic gas sensing applications.

Pristine and arsenic-doped tetragonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS and As-BNNS) have been reported as potential candidates for toxic gas sensing applications. We have investigated the adsorption behavior of BNNS and As-BNNS for CO, HS, and SO gas molecules using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). Both BNNS and As-BNNS possess negative cohesive energies of -8.

Interleukin-33 mediated regulation of microRNAs in human cord blood-derived mast cells: Implications for infection, immunity, and inflammation.

Mast cell (MCs) activation is the driving force of immune responses in several inflammatory diseases, including asthma and allergies. MCs are immune cells found throughout the body and are equipped with numerous surface receptors that allow them to respond to external signals from parasites and bacteria as well as to intrinsic signals such as cytokines. Upon activation, MCs release various mediators and proteases that contribute to inflammation.

Local excision of early rectal cancer: A multi-centre experience of transanal endoscopic microsurgery from the United Kingdom.

Background: Total mesorectal excision remains the gold standard for the management of rectal cancer however local excision of early rectal cancer is gaining popularity due to lower morbidity and higher acceptance by the elderly and frail patients.

Aim: To investigate the results of local excision of rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEMS) approach carried out at three large cancer centers in the United Kingdom.

Methods: TEMS database was retrospectively reviewed to assess demographics, operative findings and post operative clinical and oncological outcomes.

Immuno-physiological role of exogenous enzymes supplementation in heat stressed growing calves.

Twenty Crossbred (Baladi× Brown-Swiss) male growing-calves, 6 to 8 months old, weighing an average of 115 to 125 kg were subjected for evaluating ZADO supplementary effects on blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, thyroid activity, and growth efficiency of calves under semi-arid conditions. The experimental units were pinned equally in two groups. The control (G1) fed the basal ration, and the 2nd, treatment group (G2) fed the basal ration + a daily supplement of 10 g ZADO (exogenous enzymes) calf day in a powder form mixed well with ration.

Acrylamide-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis disruption in rats: Androgenic protective roles of apigenin by restoring testicular steroidogenesis through upregulation of 17β-HSD, CYP11A1 and CYP17A1.

Acrylamide (ARL) exposure induces significant toxicity to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to detrimental effects on behavior, neuroendocrine functions, steroidogensis, oxidative stress, inflammation, hormonal balance, sperm quality, and histopathological integrity in rats. This study investigates the protective role of oral apigenin (API; 10 or 20 mg/kg/day for 28 days) against ARL-induced toxicity in the HPG axis of male Wistar rats. Behavioral assessments revealed that ARL exposure impaired motor coordination and balance, as evidenced by increased landing foot splay distance and gait score.

The Impact of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Structural, Mechanical, Thermal, and Optoelectronic Characteristics of the RbVSb Kagome Compound: Ab initio Approach.

We studied the RbVSb kagome compound's structural, mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties. Mulliken and Hirshfeld population analysis found ionic and covalent connections in RbVSb. The Born stability criterion shows that pure RbVSb is mechanically stable.

Intermittent fasting alerts neurotransmitters and oxidant/antioxidant status in the brain of rats.

Several recent studies have attempted to understand how fasting has benefits for body health, especially the nervous system. To evaluate the impact of intermittent fasting on body weight, brain neurotransmitters, brain oxidative stress, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in several areas of the brain, this study was conducted in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups.

Recombinant Interleukin - 2 2 Immunotherapy Ameliorates Inflammation and Promotes the Release of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in the Gut-Brain Axis of Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice.

Recombinant interleukin-22 (rIL-22) has been reported as a protective agent in murine models of diseases driven by epithelial injury. Parasites have a circadian rhythm and their sensitivity to a certain drug may vary during the day. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect of rIL-22 administration at different times of the day on the inflammation, oxidative status, and neurotransmitter release in the gut-brain axis of the Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice.

Ab Initio Study of the Graphyne-like γ-SiC Nanoflake for Toxic Gas-Sensing Applications.

This study focuses on the geometrical, electronic, and optical properties of the γ-graphyne-like novel γ-SiC nanoflake of the γ-silicon carbide (SiC) monolayer using density functional theory calculations. γ-SiC was revealed to be a stable semiconducting nanoflake confirmed by a negative cohesive energy, real vibrational frequencies, and a 1.749 eV energy gap.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Attenuated Neurochemical and Histopathological Alterations Associated with Aluminium Chloride Intoxication in Rats.

The present investigation explored the potential neuroprotective role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on aluminum chloride (AlCl)-mediated Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms. Rats were distributed into four treatment groups equally: control, ZnONPs (4 mg/kg b.wt.

Spectral Behavior of Fiber Bragg Gratings during Embedding in 3D-Printed Metal Tensile Coupons and Cyclic Loading.

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the spatially configurable 3D integration of sensors in metal components to realize smart materials and structures. Outstanding sensing capabilities and size compatibility have made fiber optic sensors excellent candidates for integration in AM components. In this study, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were embedded in Inconel 718 tensile coupons printed using laser powder bed fusion AM.

Anti-depressant effect of Naringenin-loaded hybridized nanoparticles in diabetic rats via PPARγ/NLRP3 pathway.

Naringenin (NAR) has various biological activities but low bioavailability. The current study examines the effect of Naringenin-loaded hybridized nanoparticles (NAR-HNPs) and NAR on depression induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. NAR-HNPs formula with the highest in vitro NAR released profile, lowest polydispersity index value (0.

A first principles study of RbSnCl perovskite toward NH, SO, and NO gas sensing.

The sensitivity of a RbSnCl perovskite 2D layer toward NH, SO, and NO toxic gases has been studied DFT analysis. The tri-atomic layer of RbSnCl possessed a tetragonal symmetry with a band gap of 1.433 eV.

Endoscopic Thyroidectomy for Large-Sized Goiters: Merits of the Axillo-Breast Approach with Gas Insufflation.

Background: Several minimal access approaches to the thyroid gland have been widely applied; nevertheless, such approaches are still challenging when dealing with large-sized thyroid nodules or goiters. We hereby evaluated the outcomes and highlighted the merits of endoscopic axillo-breast hemithyroidectomy (EABH) for large-sized unilateral goiters.

Methods: Patients underwent EABH for unilateral large thyroid nodules ≥6 cm in its greatest dimension or unilateral large goiter (≥60 ml sonographic volume) whatever the size of its contained nodules were identified from a prospectively maintained database.

The study of wound healing activity of Thespesia populnea L. bark, an approach for accelerating healing through nanoparticles and isolation of main active constituents.

The present study provides an evaluation for the wound healing activity of the ethanolic extract of Thespesia populnea L. bark (EBE) and its successive fractions in two doses level (1&2%), designed for determining the most bioactive fraction and the suitable dose. Furthermore, development of the most convenient formulation for these bioactive fractions through either their direct incorporation into hydrogel formulations or incorporation of chitosan-loaded nanoparticles with these bioactive fractions into hydrogel formulations.

Phosphorus-doped T-graphene nanocapsule toward O and SO gas sensing: a DFT and QTAIM analysis.

Tetragonal graphene nano-capsule (TGC), a novel stable carbon allotrope of sp hybridization is designed and doped with phosphorus (P) to study the O and SO gas sensitivity via density functional theory calculation. Real frequencies verified the natural existence of both TGC and P-doped TGC (PTGC). Both TGC and PTGC suffer structural deformations due to interaction with O and SO gases.

Eugenol alleviates acrylamide-induced rat testicular toxicity by modulating AMPK/p-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and blood-testis barrier remodeling.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol treatment on reproductive parameters in acrylamide (ACR)-intoxicated rats. The study evaluated alterations in relative testes and epididymides weights, sperm quality, serum hormonal status, seminal plasma amino acids, testicular cell energy and phospholipids content, oxidative and nitrosative stress parameters, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphor-protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/PI3K/p-AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway, blood-testis barrier (BTB) remodeling markers, testicular autophagy and apoptotic markers, as well as histopathological alterations in testicular tissues. The results revealed that eugenol treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in sperm quality parameters, with increased sperm cell concentration, progressive motility live sperm, and a reduction in abnormal sperm, compared to the ACR-intoxicated group.