Atrial Septal Defect in a Young Boy Presenting With a Rare Crochetage Sign: A Case Report.

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart anomaly that results in irregular blood flow between the systemic and pulmonary circulations due to an opening in the atrial septum. Ostium secondum ASD accounts for a large proportion of these defects and often goes unnoticed during childhood and adolescence. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), affecting a significant number of patients with ostium secondum ASD, is associated with functional limitations, heart failure, and tachyarrhythmias.

The Outcome of Ongoing Adult Endocrine Engagement Following Transition From Paediatric Care.

Objective: Transition is important for continuity of care for patients with chronic health conditions. The aim of this service evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of a transition clinic at a tertiary hospital with long-term attendance in the adult endocrine service.

Design: Retrospective case notes review of patients seen by paediatric endocrinology at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, at the time of transition to adult services, between 2012 and 2022.

Correlation between MRI findings of pituitary gland and prolactin level among hyperprolactinemia adult female Saudi patients in rural areas: A retrospective multicentric study.

Identifying the prolactin threshold that necessitates pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hyperprolactinemia remains challenging. Therefore, developing standards for serum prolactin level criteria to predict prolactinoma is critical. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between hyperprolactinemia and the presence of pituitary adenoma among Saudi female patients with verified prolactin levels.

Gonadal function and pathology in 17beta-HSD 3 and 5alpha-reductase deficiency.

Objective: 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency (17β-HSDD) and 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5α-RD) are rare 46,XY differences of sex development (DSD). This study aims to enlarge the limited knowledge on long-term gonadal function and gonadal pathology in these conditions.

Design: Retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Prevalence and management of hypertension in Turner syndrome: data from the International Turner Syndrome (I-TS) registry.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the commonest cause of death in Turner syndrome (TS) for which, arterial hypertension has a direct influence and is a key modifiable risk factor.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and patterns of hypertension diagnosis and management in adult patients with TS who are registered in a large international multicentre database (TS-HTN study).

Methods: Retrospective multi-centre observational study of patients aged ≥18 years, included in the I-TS (International-TS) registry (2020-2022) utilising registry and participating centre collected data.

Penetrating Chest Trauma With Right Atrial Rupture: A Case Report.

Penetrating thoracic injuries, especially those affecting cardiac structures, are rare but can be life-threatening, requiring urgent medical care. Right atrium injuries pose significant risks, including rapid blood loss, cardiac tamponade, hemodynamic instability, and, subsequently, potential death. We report the case of a 24-year-old male patient with stab wounds leading to a right-sided chest penetration three hours prior to presentation.

Ultrafast Floquet engineering of Fermi-polaron resonances in charge-tunable monolayer WSe devices.

Fermi polarons are emerging quasiparticles when a bosonic impurity immersed in a fermionic bath. Depending on the boson-fermion interaction strength, the Fermi-polaron resonances exhibit either attractive or repulsive interactions, which impose further experimental challenges on understanding the subtle light-driven dynamics. Here, we report the light-driven dynamics of attractive and repulsive Fermi polarons in monolayer WSe devices.

Factors Associated With Mortality Among Hospitalized Children With Acute Bacterial Meningitis in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a significant public health problem in developing countries, including Yemen, especially during warfare. This is because persistent political turmoil impedes ABM prevalence, etiology, and treatment. Here, we investigate the factors associated with mortality among hospitalized children with ABM in a resource-limited setting.

Clinical and Radiological Factors Associated with Nonoperative Management Failure for Small Bowel Obstruction: A Retrospective Study from a Resource-Limited Setting.

Background: Recognizing factors that predict non-operative management (NOM) failure for patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO) aids in limiting surgical intervention when needed. This study investigated the predictive factors for NOM failure in SBO patients in a resource-limited setting.

Material And Method: A retrospective study included 165 patients who were diagnosed with SBO and were admitted and managed at Althora General Hospital, IBB, Yemen, from April 2022 to March 2024.

Effect of DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor supplements on the incidence of urinary tract infections in Parkinson's disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Combining levodopa with other drugs, including decarboxylase inhibitors (DCI) is its most effective treatment. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common cause of hospitalization in Parkinson's patients, making it crucial to find an appropriate treatment to reduce the incidence of this complication.

Ultrafast Control over Stiffening and Softening of Coherent Interlayer Coupling in WSe/WS Heterobilayers.

Twisted van der Waals heterostructures have led to emerging layer-dependent correlated physics in moiré potentials. While optoelectronic controls over interlayer electronic coupling have been reported, the concomitant interlayer vibration has not yet been controlled. Here, we report experimental evidence of ultrafast optical control over the amplitude and oscillation period of interlayer breathing phonons in WSe/WS heterobilayers.

The accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonography in assessing thyroid nodules in correlation with histopathology: a retrospective study.

Background: Accurately diagnosing thyroid nodules is vital for preventing unnecessary surgeries and providing prompt therapy. Although fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and ultrasonography (US) are widely used diagnostic methods, their reliability is questioned. This study investigates the effectiveness of US and FNAC in thyroid nodule diagnosis and differentiates benign from malignant nodules in relation to final histopathological diagnosis.

Correction: Broadening spectral responses and achieving environmental stability in SnS/Ag-NPs/HfO flexible phototransistors.

Correction for 'Broadening spectral responses and achieving environmental stability in SnS/Ag-NPs/HfO flexible phototransistors' by Muhammad Farooq Khan , , 2024, , 3622-3630, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR04626E.

Treatment Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Hip Joint Gunshot and Shell Fragment Injuries: Insights From a Single-Center Retrospective Study in Yemen.

Background Gunshot injuries to the hip joint are uncommon extremity injuries. The management outcomes of total hip arthroplasty for such injuries are inadequately documented and lack comprehensive treatment protocols. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and complications associated with total hip arthroplasty following gunshot and shell fragment injury incidents in a resource-limited setting.

Minimally Invasive Tube Surgery (MITS)-A Novel Method in Glaucoma Drainage Device Implantation.

: We introduce a new surgical technique for inserting the eyePlate-300-a glaucoma drainage device (GDD). The flexibility of the eyePlate-300 allows for folding and insertion through a smaller conjunctival incision. The procedure is termed minimally invasive tube surgery (MITS).

MemberShield: A framework for federated learning with membership privacy.

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple data owners to build high-quality deep learning models collaboratively, by sharing only model updates and keeping data on their premises. Even though FL offers privacy-by-design, it is vulnerable to membership inference attacks (MIA), where an adversary tries to determine whether a sample was included in the training data. Existing defenses against MIA cannot offer meaningful privacy protection without significantly hampering the model's utility and causing a non-negligible training overhead.

Utilizing artificial neural network system to predict the residual valve after endoscopic posterior urethral valve ablation.

Purpose: To build, train, and assess the artificial neural network (ANN) system in estimating the residual valve rate after endoscopic valve ablation and compare the data obtained with conventional analysis.

Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study between June 2010 and December 2020, 144 children with a history of posterior urethral valve (PUV) who underwent endoscopic valve ablation were enrolled in the study. MATLAB software was used to design and train the network in a feed-forward backpropagation error adjustment scheme.

Effectiveness of Ledipasvir-Sofosbuvir 12 Weeks After Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection and the Factors Associated With Sustained Virologic Response: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) has been licensed to treat genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) with a 12-week regimen. However, there is scant data from Yemen regarding this combination regimen. Here, we investigate sustained virologic responses (SVR) 12 weeks after HCV treatment with LDV/SOF regimens and the factors that contribute to SVR failure.

Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Glaucoma Drainage Device in High-Risk Adult Glaucoma Patients: A One-Year Pilot Study.

We report on the 12-month safety and efficacy outcomes of a new non-valved glaucoma drainage device, the eyePlate-300 (Rheon Medical, Lausanne, Switzerland), in managing refractory glaucoma. A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients over 18 who underwent glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery with the eyePlate-300 after a single glaucoma consultation between February 2020 and April 2021, with at least 12 months of documented post-op follow-up. A total of 16 eyes from 15 patients were included.

Temporal Trends in Acute Adrenal Insufficiency Events in Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia During 2019-2022.

Background: It is unclear whether targeted monitoring of acute adrenal insufficiency (AI) related adverse events (AE) such as sick day episodes (SDEs) and hospitalization rate in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is associated with a change in the occurrence of these events.

Aim: Study temporal trends of AI related AE in the I-CAH Registry.

Methods: In 2022, data on the occurrence of AI-related AE in children aged <18 years with 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH were compared to data collected in 2019.

Development and validation of a short version of the quality of life-DSD questionnaire for parents of young children with conditions affecting sex development.

Background: There is a paucity of information on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in parents and children with conditions affecting sex development. The objective of this study was to develop short forms of HRQoL questionnaires which consist of a 63-item and 25-item parent self-report (PSR) and parent proxy-report (PPR), respectively, optimizing use in routine clinical settings.

Methods: Short questionnaires were developed following exploratory factor analysis using raw data from 132 parents.

Demographic, Clinical, Radiological, and Surgical Outcome of Patients with Intestinal Tuberculosis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: Intestinal tuberculosis (iTB) represents a potentially underrecognized clinical entity with limited clinical and radiological differentiating features. This study aims to assess the patterns of iTB clinical and radiological findings, along with the treatment approaches and the overall outcome.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients with histopathologically confirmed iTB who presented with acute abdomen and were surgically managed between September 2005 and October 2023.