Effects of genetic variants of organic cation transporters on metformin response in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Metformin is the optimal initial therapy for patients with T2DM. Genetic factors play a vital role in metformin response, including variations in drug efficacy and potential side effects.

Mechanisms of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Beneficial Effects of Semaglutide: A Review.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease stands as the predominant cause of chronic liver disease, with its prevalence and morbidity expected to escalate significantly, leading to substantial healthcare costs and diminished health-related quality of life. It comprises a range of disease manifestations that commence with basic steatosis, involving the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes, a distinctive histological feature. If left untreated, it often advances to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, marked by inflammatory and/or fibrotic hepatic changes, leading to the eventual development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

α-Glucosidase, butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of phenolic compounds from L. flowers: and studies.

Chemical investigation of L. flowers resulted in isolation of seven metabolites that were identified as; -Hydroxybenzoic acid (), hydroxy cinnamic acid (), kaempferol-6-C-glucoside (), astragalin (), cartormin (), kaempferol-3--rutinoside (), and kaempferol-3--sophoroside (). Virtual screening of the isolated compounds against human intestinal α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase was carried out.

Fragment-based drug design of novel inhibitors targeting lipoprotein (a) kringle domain KIV-10-mediated cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, attributed to a complex etiology involving metabolic, genetic, and protein-related factors. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), identified as a genetic risk factor, exhibits elevated levels linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The lipoprotein(a) kringle domains have recently been identified as a potential target for the treatment of CVDs, in this study we utilized a fragment-based drug design approach to design a novel, potent, and safe inhibitor for lipoprotein(a) kringle domain.

Acute Kidney Injury: Definition, Management, and Promising Therapeutic Target.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by a sudden loss of renal function, resulting in the build-up of waste products and a significant increase in mortality and morbidity. It is commonly diagnosed in critically ill patients, with its occurrence estimated at up to 50% in patients hospitalized in the intensive critical unit. Despite ongoing efforts, the death rate associated with AKI has remained high over the past half-century.

Flaxseed oil fraction reverses cardiac remodeling at a molecular level: improves cardiac function, decreases apoptosis, and suppresses miRNA-29b and miRNA 1 gene expression.

Flaxseed is an ancient commercial oil that historically has been used as a functional food to lower cholesterol levels. However, despite its longstanding treatment, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence to support its role in the management of cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by examining the molecular mechanism of standardized flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling in the heart toxicity vivo model.

LC-MS based metabolic profiling and wound healing activity of a chitosan nanoparticle-loaded formula of Teucrium polium in diabetic rats.

Healing of wounds is the most deteriorating diabetic experience. Felty germander (Teucrium polium) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities that could accelerate wound healing. Further, nanohydrogels help quicken healing and are ideal biomaterials for drug delivery.

Anti-Fibrotic Efficacy of Apigenin in a Mice Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrogenesis: A Preclinical Study.

Background: Hepatic fibrosis is a major health problem all over the world, and there is no effective treatment to cure it. Hence, the current study sought to assess the anti-fibrotic efficacy of apigenin against CCl-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.

Methods: Forty-eight mice were put into six groups.

The use of therapeutic drug monitoring for early identification of vedolizumab response in Saudi Arabian patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Vedolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used to treat moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the induction of vedolizumab trough level in predicting short-term (week 14) clinical outcomes, and covariates that affect the response in Saudi Arabian patients. This prospective, real-life study included a total of 16 patients (4 Crohn's disease (CD) and 12 ulcerative colitis (UC)) with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD and generally naïve to receiving vedolizumab therapy.

Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds.

Diabetic hyperglycemia delays wound healing, leading to serious consequences. Topical antibiotics can reduce the risk of a wound infection during healing; nevertheless, the microbial fight against antibiotics brings about public health challenges. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) belong to a novel class of drug that is used to prevent and treat systemic and topical infections.

Lycorine Ameliorates Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats: Emphasis on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and STAT3 Inhibition Effects.

Liver fibrosis is a foremost medical concern worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, numerous risk factors contribute to its high rates. Lycorine-a natural alkaloid-has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activates.

Evaluation of lyophilized royal jelly and garlic extract emulgels using a murine model infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The limited therapeutic options associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitate search for innovative strategies particularly, use of natural extracts such as lyophilized royal jelly (LRJ) and garlic extract (GE). Therefore, out study aimed to formulate emulgels containing different concentrations of both LRJ and GE and to evaluate their activities using a murine model infected with MRSA clinical isolate. Four plain emulgel formulas were prepared by mixing stearic acid/yellow soft paraffin-based O/W emulsion formulae based on Carbopol 940, Na alginate, Na carboxymethylcellulose or Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose E4.

Median Nerve Affection in Hypertensive Patients with and without Diabetes High-Resolution Ultrasound Assessment.

Purpose: Diabetes is a documented risk factor for peripheral neuropathy. It was reported that associated hypertension could increase this risk. The present study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension and diabetes on median nerve using high-resolution ultrasound.

Auraptene nanoparticles ameliorate testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats: Emphasis on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic and PPARs activation effects.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease that commonly strikes the majority of aged men. Developing new therapies to manage BPH with improved efficacy and safety is strongly needed. In this regard, auraptene is a natural compound with multiple pharmacological effects, but with poor oral bioavailability.

Wound Healing Activity of Fixed Oil Formulated in a Self-Nanoemulsifying Formulation.

Introduction: Delayed wound healing represents a common health hazard. Traditional herbal products have been often utilized to promote wound contraction. The current study aimed at assessing the wound healing activity of seed oil (OFI) and its self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (OFI-SNEDDS) formula in a rat model of full-thickness skin excision.

Carvedilol Exerts Neuroprotective Effect on Rat Model of Diabetic Neuropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) commonly occurs in diabetics, affecting approximately 50% of both type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. It is a leading cause of non-traumatic amputations. Oxidative stress could play a key role in the pathophysiology of DN.

Protective Effects of Taif Rosewater Against Testicular Impairment Induced By Lead Intoxication In Rats.

This study explored treatment with Taif rosewater (RW) to protect against lead acetate-(PbAc) induced male testicular impairment. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and provided drinking water containing 4% Taif RW, PbAc, 4% Taif RW followed by PbAc or normal water (controls). Serum for hormonal assays and testicular tissue for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations and molecular study were obtained.

Protective and therapeutic effects of the flavonoid "pinocembrin" in indomethacin-induced acute gastric ulcer in rats: impact of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.

Peptic ulcer including gastric and duodenal ulcers is a common gastro-intestinal disorder worldwide, associated with a significant mortality due to bleeding and perforation. Numerous efforts are being exerted to look for natural drugs that lack the potential side effects but still keep beneficial effects for treatment and/or prevention of gastric ulcer. Pinocembrin (PINO) is a natural flavonoid retaining anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Naringin treatment improved main clozapine-induced adverse effects in rats; emphasis on weight gain, metabolic abnormalities, and agranulocytosis.

Schizophrenia is one of the major neuropsychiatric disorders affecting people worldwide. Unfortunately, currently available antipsychotic medications possess several side effects. Among them, clozapine is one of the atypical antipsychotics prescribed in schizophrenia wing to its blocking effect on dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT ) receptors.

The Neuroprotective Effect of Carvedilol on Diabetic Neuropathy: An Study.

Diabetic neuropathy serves as a major complication for diabetic patients across the world. The use of effective treatment is integral for reducing the health complications for diabetic patients. This study has evaluated the carvedilol potential neuroprotective effect on diabetic neuropathy.

Bisoprolol responses (PK/PD) in hypertensive patients: A cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 targeted polymorphism study.

Background: Bisoprolol is an effective β1-adrenergic blocker, an inter-individual genetic variability was recorded in its response. This study aimed at investigating the association of CYP2D6*2A (rs1080985) and CYP2D6*10 (rs1065852) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with Bisoprolol response in cardiac patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Patients And Methods: In the study, 107 patients were enrolled.

Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Impact on oxidative, inflammatory, and angiogenic machineries.

Available antiulcer medications reveal partial efficacy and numerous adverse reactions. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was known for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties. The aim of current study was to investigate the potential gastroprotective effect of TMP against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats with possible underlying mechanisms.