Interaction of the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib with the organic cation transporter 2.

Oxaliplatin (OHP) is effective in colorectal cancer treatment but induces peripheral neurotoxicity (OHP-induced peripheral neurotoxicity, OIPN), diminishing survivor quality of life. Organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) is a key OHP uptake pathway in dorsal root ganglia. Competing for OCT2-mediated OHP uptake, such as with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, may mitigate OHP side effects.

Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: IV. Hypothetical roles of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and its liquid-liquid phase separation.

When the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects humans, it leads to a condition called COVID-19 that has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from no symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The virus initiates damage by attaching to the ACE-2 protein on the surface of endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and using these cells as hosts for replication. Reactive oxygen species levels are increased during viral replication, which leads to oxidative stress.

In-hospital outcomes predictors and trends of redo sternotomy aortic root replacements: insights from a UK registry analysis.

Background: Redo sternotomy aortic root surgery is technically demanding, and the evidence on outcomes is mostly from retrospective, small sample, single-centre studies. We report the trend, early clinical results and outcome predictors of redo aortic root replacement over 20 years in the United Kingdom.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed collected data from the UK National Adult Cardiac Surgery Audit (NACSA) on all redo sternotomy aortic root replacements performed between 30th January 1998 and 19th March 2019.

Overview of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2003, researchers worldwide have been toiling away at deciphering this virus's biological intricacies. In line with other known coronaviruses, the nucleocapsid (N) protein is an important structural component of SARS-CoV. As a result, much emphasis has been placed on characterizing this protein.

Incidence and outcomes of surgical pulmonary embolectomy in the UK.

Background: Surgical pulmonary embolectomy is rarely used for the treatment of massive acute pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and outcomes of this operation by undertaking a retrospective analysis of a large national registry in the UK.

Methods: All acute pulmonary embolectomies performed between 1996 and 2018 were captured in the National Institute of Cardiovascular Outcomes Research central database.

Recommendations for developing effective and safe paediatric and congenital heart disease services in low-income and middle-income countries: a public health framework.

The global of paediatric and congenital heart disease (PCHD) is substantial. We propose a novel public health framework with recommendations for developing effective and safe PCHD services in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This framework was created by the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery Cardiac Surgery working group in collaboration with a group of international rexperts in providing paediatric and congenital cardiac care to patients with CHD and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in LMICs.

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm in Lemierre's syndrome: a case report.

Background: Lemierre's syndrome is an infectious phenomenon characterized by oropharyngeal infection with bacteraemia, thrombophlebitis, and distant septic emboli. Septic emboli are a recognized cause of a Type 2 myocardial infarction, with a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm being a rare but important complication of this.

Case Summary: A 19-year-old male presented with acute confusion, fevers, and a cough.

Surgical outcomes and optimal approach to treatment of aortic valve endocarditis with aortic root abscess.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of aortic root abscess (ARA) on the postoperative outcomes of surgically managed infective endocarditis (IE) and to inform optimal surgical approach.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2020, 143 consecutive patients who underwent surgical management for aortic-valve IE were included in a retrospective cohort study. Multivariable and propensity-weighted analyses were used to adjust for demographic imbalances between those without (n = 93; NARA) and with an ARA (n = 50).

Pathogenicity of three genetically distinct and highly pathogenic Egyptian H5N8 avian influenza viruses in chickens.

In late 2016, Egypt encountered multiple cases of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N8 subtype. In a previous study, three distinct genotypes, including A/common-coot/Egypt/CA285/2016 (H5N8) (CA285), A/duck/Egypt/SS19/2017 (H5N8) (SS19), and A/duck/Egypt/F446/2017 (H5N8) (F446), were isolated from wild birds, a backyard, and a commercial farm, respectively, during the first wave of infection. In this current study, we investigated the differences in the pathogenicity, replication and transmissibility of the three genotypes and A/chicken/Egypt/15S75/2015 (H5N1) (S75) was used as the control.

Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve Implantation in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Transcatheter implantation of the Edwards Sapien 3 valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine CA) within the bioprosthetic mitral valve (MV) is an established method of treatment in adults. However, it has not been well studied in the pediatric age group.

Methods: Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantation was attempted in 4 symptomatic pediatric patients with a dysfunctional MV bioprosthesis implanted at an earlier stage due to severe MV stenosis or regurgitation.

Parental perception of medications safe storage in the State of Qatar.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify parental perception of household medication storage.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study utilizing a questionnaire was carried out at Hamad Medical Corporation, the solely tertiary pediatric hospital in the State of Qatar at the time of the study. Qatar is a young developing country with limited data on the awareness of medication storage among adults with children at home and on the safety practices regarding medication storage.

Comprehensive literature review on the radiographic findings, imaging modalities, and the role of radiology in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, over 103214008 cases have been reported, with more than 2231158 deaths as of January 31, 2021. Although the gold standard for diagnosis of this disease remains the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, its false-negative rates have ignited the use of medical imaging as an important adjunct or alternative. Medical imaging assists in identifying the pathogenesis, the degree of pulmonary damage, and the characteristic features in each imaging modality.

Medication take-back programs in Qatar: Parental perceptions.

Purpose: To identify parental perception of a take-back program for medications.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the only tertiary pediatric hospital in the State of Qatar at the time of the study. Qatar is a rapidly developing country with limited national data on the awareness of medication misuse among adults living with children at home and on the safety practices regarding medication disposal.

Case Report and Supporting Documentation: Acute Kidney Injury Manifested as Oliguria Is Reduced by Intravenous Magnesium Before Cisplatin.

After more than four decades of post-approval, cisplatin is still an important treatment for numerous cancers. However, acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as significant impairment of renal filtration as discussed below, is the major limiting side effect of cisplatin, occurring in approximately 30% of patients (25-33% after the first course). Cisplatin also damages the kidneys' ability to reabsorb magnesium in 40-100% of patients, with collateral health risks due to subsequent hypomagnesemia.

Balloon-Anchoring Technique to Stabilize Target Vessel Catheterization in Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair.

To describe a bailout technique to stabilize target vessel catheterization in branched endovascular aortic repair. The technique is demonstrated in a 75-year-old patient with a 75-mm symptomatic type III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm that was treated with a t-Branch endograft. If a catheter cannot be advanced for exchange to a more stable guidewire after target vessel catheterization, the balloon-anchoring technique can be applied to stabilize the through-the-branch hydrophilic guidewire.

Successful Reconstruction of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract by Implantation of Thymus Stem Cell Engineered Graft in Growing Swine.

Graft cellularization holds great promise in overcoming the limitations associated with prosthetic materials currently used in corrective cardiac surgery. In this study, the authors evaluated the advantages of graft cellularization for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in a novel porcine model. After 4.

Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantation in a pediatric patient.

An 11-year-old girl, with 25 mm mosaic tissue valve presented with clinical and echocardiographic appearance of stenotic mitral valve prosthesis. Her condition was treated via a transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation using a 23 mm Edwards Sapien 3, with satisfactory outcome.

Optimisation of laboratory methods for whole transcriptomic RNA analyses in human left ventricular biopsies and blood samples of clinical relevance.

This study aimed to optimise techniques for whole transcriptome and small RNA analyses on clinical tissue samples from patients with cardiovascular disease. Clinical samples often represent a particular challenge to extracting RNA of sufficient quality for robust RNA sequencing analysis, and due to availability, it is rarely possible to optimise techniques on the samples themselves. Therefore, we have used equivalent samples from pigs undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery to test different protocols for optimal RNA extraction, and then validated the protocols in human samples.

Hormonal manipulation after surgery for catamenial pneumothorax.

A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether hormonal manipulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues reduces the risk of recurrent catamenial pneumothorax after surgery, compared with surgery alone. Altogether 819 papers were found using the reported search, of which 7 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question.

Expression of the endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase Ero1α in gastro-intestinal cancer reveals a link between homocysteine and oxidative protein folding.

Aim: Ero proteins are central to oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but their expression varies in a tissue-specific manner. The aim of this work was to establish the expression of Ero1α in the digestive system and to examine the behavior of Ero1α in premalignant Barrett's esophagus, esophageal (OE) and gastric cancers and esophageal cancer cell lines.

Results: Ero1α is expressed in the columnar epithelium of Barrett's tissue, and in OE tumors and gastric tumors.

Characterization of cardiovascular liver motion for the eventual application of elasticity imaging to the liver in vivo.

Elastography, which uses ultrasound to image the tissue strain that results from an applied displacement, can display tumours and heat-ablated tissue with high contrast. However, its application to liver in vivo may be problematic due to the presence of respiratory and cardiovascular sources of displacement. The aim of this study was to measure the cardiovascular-induced component of natural liver motion for the purpose of planning future work that will either use the motion to produce elasticity images or will compensate for it when employing an external source of displacement.