Trends in sepsis-associated cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2022.

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and sepsis significantly contributes to hospitalization and mortality. This study aims to assess the trends of sepsis-associated CVD mortality rates and variations in mortality based on demographics and regions in the US.

Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database was used to identify CVD and sepsis-related deaths from 1999 to 2022.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Optimal Medical Therapy for Severe Ischemic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of heart failure, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular-related death worldwide. There are insufficient data to make strong recommendations for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). In that context, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of PCI with those of optimal medical therapy alone in patients with severe ischemic LVSD.

Top 5 barriers in cardiac arrest research as perceived by international early career researchers - A consensus study.

Aim Of The Study: Cardiac arrest research has not received as much scientific attention as research on other topics. Here, we aimed to identify cardiac arrest research barriers from the perspective of an international group of early career researchers.

Methods: Attendees of the 2022 international masterclass on cardiac arrest registry research accompanied the Global Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry collaborative meeting in Utstein, Norway, and used an adapted hybrid nominal group technique to obtain a diverse and comprehensive perspective.

Takotsubo Syndrome in Black Americans: Insights From the National Inpatient Sample.

Background: Data on race-related differences in the clinical outcomes of Takotsubo syndrome are limited, particularly for Black patients. This study aimed to assess whether race and sex may have an additional impact on the inpatient mortality of patients with Takotsubo syndrome.

Methods: A total of 4,628 patients from the United States' National Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2016 were identified; propensity score analysis revealed a similar propensity score between Black patients (n = 2,314) and White patients (n = 2,314), which was used to balance observed covariates.

Peri-operative chemotherapy versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy in treatment of gastro-oesophageal junctional adenocarcinomas: A 10-year cohort study.

Background: Gastro-oesophageal junctional (GOJ) cancers have been, more latterly, considered a distinct tumor entity with characteristic genetic profiles. The optimal multimodal therapy of advanced GOJ cancers remains debatable. In this comparative study, we analyzed the outcomes of peri-operative chemotherapy (CT) versus pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in treatment of advanced GOJ adenocarcinomas.

Comparable bio-evaluation of curcumin and chitosan-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles against the reprotoxic potential of fenpropathrin pyrethroid in rats: Genomic and morphometric prospectives.

This study delves into the intricate exploration of potential toxic effects resulting from subchronic exposure to fenpropathrin (FNP) on the reproductive system of male SD rats. Adding to the novelty, our study undertakes a pioneering comparison of the effects of curcumin (CUR) and curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CS.CUR.

Perioperative use of ketamine infusion versus dexmedetomidine infusion for analgesia in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a double-blinded three-armed randomized controlled trial.

Background: Bariatric surgery depends on the development of novel anesthetic techniques to reduce the incidence of complications and improve postoperative outcomes. Ketamine and dexmedetomidine have been used for perioperative analgesia and we hypothesized that they would decrease postoperative morphine requirements. The objective of this trial is to study whether choice of ketamine or dexmedetomidine infusion would affect postoperative total morphine consumption.

Radiologic Diagnosis of Nasal Gliomas with an Illustrative Case Report.

Nasal gliomas are congenital masses of dysplastic neuroglial and fibrovascular tissue. However, other congenital nasal masses, including encephaloceles, hemangiomas, and dermoid cysts make clinical diagnosis difficult. Radiological examination is imperative to accurate diagnosis of nasal gliomas.

Reciprocal interferences of the left ventricular assist device and the aortic valve competence.

Patients suffering from end-stage heart failure tend to have high mortality rates. With growing numbers of patients progressing into severe heart failure, the shortage of available donors is a growing concern, with less than 10% of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation (CTx). Fortunately, the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), a variant of mechanical circulatory support has been on the rise in recent years.

SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies.

All currently approved COVID-19 vaccines utilize the spike protein as their immunogen. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) contain mutations in the spike protein, enabling them to escape infection- and vaccination-induced immune responses to cause reinfection. New vaccines are hence being researched intensively.

Three-dimensional printing in integrated multi-modality imaging approach for management of prosthetic valves infective endocarditis.

After heart failure, infectious endocarditis is the second leading cause of death in patients with prosthetic valves. Aortic pseudoaneurysms are a serious complication of infective endocarditis in mechanical or bioprosthetic aortic prostheses. Diagnostic and management challenges are posed by aortic pseudoaneurysms.

Muscle oxygenation during normoxic and hypoxic cycling exercise in humans with high-affinity haemoglobin.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Do humans with high-affinity haemoglobin (HAH) demonstrate attenuated skeletal muscle deoxygenation during normoxic and hypoxic exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Examination of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygenation profiles suggests that fractional oxygen extraction is blunted during hypoxic exercise in humans with HAH compared with control subjects. However, muscle tissue oxygen saturation levels were higher in humans with HAH during exercise in normoxia compared with control subjects. These alterations in fractional oxygen extraction in humans with HAH might influence blood flow regulation and exercise capacity during hypoxia.

A complex unit for a complex disease: the HCM-Family Unit.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a group of heterogeneous disorders that are most commonly passed on in a heritable manner. It is a relatively rare disease around the globe, but due to increased rates of consanguinity within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we speculate a high incidence of undiagnosed cases. The aim of this paper is to elucidate a systematic approach in dealing with HCM patients and since HCM has variable presentation, we have summarized differentials for diagnosis and how different subtypes and genes can have an impact on the clinical picture, management and prognosis.

Dasatinib-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report.

Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as nilotinib and dasatinib, are used in the first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), usually after the failure or resistance to imatinib. Despite a good safety profile, medications in this category have an increased incidence of specific adverse events such as pulmonary hypertension, pleural effusion, and cardiovascular/peripheral arterial events. However, renal complications are rarely reported and observed.

Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor ameliorates glomerular injury sensitization after tubulointerstitial injury.

Previously, we found that mild tubulointerstitial injury sensitizes glomeruli to subsequent injury. Here, we evaluated whether stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α), a key regulator of tissue response to hypoxia, ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury and impact on subsequent glomerular injury. Nep25 mice, which express the human CD25 receptor on podocytes under control of the nephrin promotor and develop glomerulosclerosis when a specific toxin is administered were used.

Relapse of Diabetes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Patients With Obesity: 12 Years Follow-up Study.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a recommended treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with obesity, with superiority over medical therapy. While diabetes remission is achieved initially in 60-90% of patients following surgery, many may experience relapse of diabetes on the long-term. Data on long-term follow-up of bariatric surgery is scarce.

Antimicrobial, antiquorum sensing, and antiproliferative activities of sesquiterpenes from Costus speciosus rhizomes.

The quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) and antimicrobial potentials of the total methanol extract (TME) and different extractives as well as the sesquiterpenes: dehydrodihydrocostus lactone (1), dehydrocostus lactone (2), arbusculin A (3), santamarine (4), reynosin (5), and specioic acid (6) isolated from Costus speciosus rhizomes were evaluated. The CHCl3:EtOAc (1:1), EtOAc, and TME fractions exhibited potent antibacterial activity toward B. cereus with inhibition zone diameter 13 mm.

A new tailored protocol based on laparoscopy in the management of abdominal shotgun injuries: a case-series study.

Purpose: Abdominal shotgun injuries derive their significance from the wide range of injuries they cause. The management of this type of injury has been continuously evolving. Despite the ongoing incorporation of laparoscopy in management of abdominal trauma, there is no definite protocol raising the role of laparoscopy in such injuries.