Comparison between nasopharyngeal airway and laryngeal mask airway in blepharoplasty under general anaesthesia. A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Blepharoplasty can be performed under local infiltration anaesthesia with or without sedation or general anaesthesia depending upon the surgical plan, patient and surgeon preferences, and duration of surgery. Securing the airway with an endotracheal tube or a laryngeal mask airway may cause sore throat. The primary aim of our study was to compare the incidence of this complication between the nasopharyngeal and laryngeal mask airways among patients receiving general anaesthesia during blepha-roplasty.

[Propofol-ketamine versus dexmedetomidine-ketamine for sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric patients: a randomized clinical trial].

Background And Objectives: Day-case pediatric sedation is challenging. Dexmedetomidine is a sedative analgesic that does not induce respiratory depression. We compared dexmedetomidine to propofol when it was added to ketamine for sedation during pediatric endoscopy, regarding recovery time and hemodynamic changes.

MPI-CDG from a hepatic perspective: Report of two Egyptian cases and review of literature.

MPI-CDG is a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) which presents with hepato-gastrointestinal symptoms and hypoglycemia. We report on hepatic evaluation of two pediatric patients who presented to us with gastrointestinal symptoms. Analysis of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) showed a Type 1 pattern and molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of MPI-CDG.

Causes of secondary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese children below 10 years.

This study aimed to detect etiologies and histopathological features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Egyptian children < 10 years from hepatologist perspectives. Infants and children below 10 years of age with biopsy-proven fatty liver over a 6-year period were included. NAFLD activity score was used to detect the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome: A case report and review of the literature.

Unlabelled: Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a "neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis," is a multisystem inherited metabolic disorder associated with congenital ichthyosis and accumulation of lipid droplets in various types of cells.

Case Report: A 3-year-old male presented to the Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, with accidentally discovered hepatomegaly. He had generalised ichthyosis with dark skin pigmentation and bilateral ectropion.

Glycogen storage disease type III in Egyptian children: a single centre clinico-laboratory study.

Background And Study Aims: Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of glycogen debrancher enzyme and is characterised by clinical variability.

Patients And Methods: We herein describe the clinical and laboratory findings in 31 Egyptian patients with GSD III presenting to the Paediatric Hepatology Unit, Cairo University, Egypt.

Results: Eighteen patients (58%) were males.

Safety and efficacy of Hansenula-derived PEGylated-interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin combination in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian children.

Aim: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a Hansenula-derived PEGylated (polyethylene glycol) interferon (IFN)-alpha-2a (Reiferon Retard) plus ribavirin customized regimen in treatment-naïve and previously treated (non-responders and relapsers) Egyptian children with chronic hepatitis C infection.

Methods: Forty-six children with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were selected from three tertiary pediatric hepatology centers. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were undertaken.

Predictive accuracy of serum hyaluronic acid as a non-invasive marker of fibrosis in a cohort of multi-transfused Egyptian children with β-thalassaemia major.

Background And Study Aim: Liver disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with β-thalassaemia major (β-TM); therefore, its identification at an early stage is of great significance. Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) is considered as a non-invasive marker that appears early before pathological changes occur. We aim to determine the predictive accuracy of HA in detecting and staging hepatic fibrosis in β-TM patients.

Patterns of hepatitis B infection in Egyptian children in the era of obligatory hepatitis B vaccination.

Background And Study Aims: Mass compulsory HBV vaccination was applied in Egypt in 1992. The first dose of vaccine is administered at 2 months of age and routine screening of pregnant women for HBsAg is not applied. We aimed to evaluate the pattern of HBV infections after the implementation of HBV vaccination in Egyptian children.

The association of HLA class II DR B1 alleles with HCV infection in Egyptian children.

Background And Study Aims: Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) class II appear to play an important role in the individual's immune response to viral infection. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between HLA class II antigens with the clinical, laboratory and histopathological state of the liver in Egyptian children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Patients And Methods: The study included 46 chronically infected HCV children and adolescents without - hepatitis B virus (HBV) nor human immunodeficiency virus - (HIV).

Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese and overweight Egyptian children: single center study.

Background/aim: Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global problem which has been increasingly recognized with the dramatic rise in pediatric obesity. The aim of the present study was to identify the clinical, sonographic, and biochemical predictors for NAFLD in obese children.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six children (2-15 years) were included after an informed consent.

Alagille syndrome: clinical and ocular pathognomonic features.

Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the frequency of clinical diagnostic criteria in patients with Alagille syndrome (AGS) in comparison to a group of children with cholestasis and histologically proven neonatal hepatitis (NH). The type and frequency of ocular manifestations are highlighted.

Methods: According to histologic findings on liver biopsy, the 32 patients included in the study were classified into 2 groups: group 1 had paucity of interlobular bile ducts (PILBD) (n=13) and at least 3 of 5 characteristics of AGS and group 2 had NH on liver biopsy (n=19).

Noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in Egyptian children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection using FibroTest and ActiTest.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. Liver biopsy, because of its limitations and risks, might be considered an imperfect gold standard for assessing the severity of chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to prospectively validate FibroTest (FT) and ActiTest (AT) as noninvasive serum biochemical markers for assessment of the degree of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity respectively, in pediatric patients with chronic HCV infection and compare them to liver biopsy.

Skin iron concentration: a simple, highly sensitive method for iron stores evaluation in thalassemia patients.

Iron overload is a potentially fatal complication in thalassemia patients. Accurate assessment of body iron is of utmost importance for these patients. The available methods for iron stores evaluation have limitations.