Effect of the Duration of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest on the Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is safe, but subtle neurodevelopmental deficits may persist far beyond the perioperative period. We aimed to investigate the relationship between DHCA duration and neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children undergoing cardiac surgery with DHCA. Children aged < 42 months, including neonates who underwent cardiac surgery using DHCA without regional perfusion techniques, were included as the DHCA group.

Impact of Blood Sampling Methods on Blood Loss and Transfusion After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: An Observational Study.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the impact of the closed-loop sampling method on blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: A single tertiary center.

Bidirectional glenn surgery without palliative pulmonary artery banding in univentricular heart with unrestricted pulmonary flow. Retrospective multicenter experience.

Background: Although pulmonary artery banding (PAB) has been generally acknowledged as an initial palliative treatment for patients having single ventricle (SV) physiology and unrestrictive pulmonary blood flow (UPBF), it may result in unfavorable outcomes. Performing bidirectional Glenn (BDG) surgery without initial PAB in some selected cases may avoid the complications associated with PAB and reduce the number of operative procedures for these patients. This research aimed to assess the outcome of BDG surgery performed directly without doing initial PAB in patients with SV-UPBF.

Percutaneous coronary stent implantation in children and young infants following surgical repair of congenital heart disease.

Background: Coronary artery stent implantation (CSI) in the pediatric population is rare. Only a few reports were published on managing postoperative coronary artery obstruction using coronary stents following surgical repair of congenital heart diseases (CHD). This study aimed to analyze the feasibility, indications, procedural technique, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of CSI after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Percutaneous closure of postoperative residual ventricular septal defects, including dehiscence of surgical patches.

Background: Percutaneous closure of residual ventricular septal defects (VSDs) after congenital heart surgery may provide a safer and more efficient alternative to redo surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of transcatheter closure of residual postoperative VSD.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at the tertiary care institutions of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, from March 2012 to March 2022.

Factors affecting the outcomes after bidirectional Glenn shunt: two decades of experience from a tertiary referral center.

Background: Despite the improved management of patients with a single ventricle, the long-term outcomes are not optimal. We reported the outcomes of the bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG) and factors affecting the length of hospital stay, operative mortality, and Nakata index before Fontan completion.

Results: This retrospective study included 259 patients who underwent BDG shunt from 2002 to 2020.

The influence of age and weight on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair.

Background: The appropriate age and weight for surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is an area of controversy. We aimed to study the effect of weight and age at the time of surgical repair for complete AVSD in children less than 2 years of age on postoperative outcomes. A retrospective data review was performed for patients who underwent the AVSD repair from 2012 to 2019 at our institutions.

Neonatal congenital heart surgery: contemporary outcomes and risk profile.

Objective: Many studies still dispute the identification of independent risk factors that influence outcome after neonatal cardiac surgery. We present our study to announce the contemporary outcomes and risk profile of neonatal cardiac surgery at our institute.

Methods: We designed a retrospective study of neonatal patients who underwent surgery for congenital heart diseases between June 2011 and April 2020.

Combined Norwood and cavopulmonary shunt as the first palliation in late presenters with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and single-ventricle lesions.

Objective: A primary cavopulmonary shunt as a component of the initial Norwood palliation could be an option in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and single-ventricle lesions. We present our initial experience with this approach in carefully selected patients with unrestricted pulmonary blood flow and low pulmonary vascular resistance.

Methods: The study included 16 patients; the mean age was 137.

Outcome of ductus arteriosus stenting including vertical tubular and convoluted tortuous ducts with emphasis on technical considerations.

Background: Ductal stenting is the preferred method of securing adequate pulmonary blood flow in patients with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. The main limitation in most centers is the difficult vertical tubular or convoluted ducts that represent real challenges to interventional pediatric cardiologists. We present our experience in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting with some technical tips to overcome difficulties, especially in stenting tortuous or long tubular ducts.

Cardiac Catheterization During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

Cardiac catheterization can affect clinical outcomes in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after congenital heart surgery; however, its effect in this group of patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and outcome of cardiac catheterization in patients undergoing ECMO after congenital cardiac surgery and determine predictors that influence successful weaning. This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients who underwent cardiac catheterization while on ECMO after congenital heart surgery in two cardiac centers between November 2012 and February 2020.

Equine pericardium: a versatile alternative reconstructive material in congenital cardiac surgery.

Background: Pericardial patches are often used for repair of congenital cardiac defects. The aim of this study was to describe our initial experience with the use of equine pericardium and its safety and advantages and disadvantages compared to bovine pericardium.

Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort study of 111 patients who were surgically treated for congenital heart disease between 2017 and 2020.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, underlying comorbidities, and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reported 62 pediatric patients (age <14 years) with confirmed COVID-19 between March 2 and July 1, 2020, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Results: Comorbid conditions, including cardiac, neurological, respiratory, and malignant disorders, were reported in 9 patients (14.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in a child who underwent ventricular septal defect device closure: a case report.

Background: Studies about the incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are still significantly lower than those in adults. Moreover, data on the effect of COVID-19 in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are limited. To the best of our knowledge, this study first reported mortality in a child with CHD who acquired COVID-19.

Functional recovery of cardiomyopathy induced by atrial tachycardia in children: Insight from cardiac strain imaging.

Aim: To evaluate systolic and diastolic cardiac function in children who had cardiomyopathy induced by ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT).

Methods: Twenty-two pediatric patients who had cardiomyopathy induced by EAT and 25 age-matched controls were recruited in this case-control study. The patients were examined after rhythm control and normalization of their left ventricular systolic function.

Outcomes of Primary Bidirectional Glenn in Children with Single Ventricle Physiology and Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow.

Background: We reported our experience in managing patients with single ventricle (SV) physiology and increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF), aiming to assess if it is feasible to proceed with primary Bidirectional Glenn (BDG) without a prior operation to limit PBF.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study with 51 consecutive patients who underwent BDG operation as a primary operation or a second stage prior to the definitive Fontan operation at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2010 and 2018. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their PBF prior to the operation: Patients who had SV physiology and increased PBF (seven patients) vs.

Cardiac catheterization addressing early post-operative complications in congenital heart surgery-a single-center experience.

Background: Cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery may play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with a complicated or unusual post-operative course. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and outcome of cardiac catheterization performed in the early post-operative period following congenital heart surgery. All patients who underwent cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery during the same admission of cardiac surgery from November 2015 to May 2018 were included in the study.

Outcomes of biventricular repair for shone's complex.

Background: Shone's complex is a rare lesion affecting the mitral valve (MV) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). The objective of this study is to report the outcomes after Shone's complex repair, the growth of mitral and aortic valve and LVOT, and long-term survival.

Methods: This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with Shone's complex, who underwent biventricular repair.

The outcomes of bidirectional Glenn before and after 4 months of age: A comparative study.

Objective: We aim to present our experience with the bidirectional Glenn (BDG) in patients less than 4 months of age and to compare their outcomes with the patients who underwent BDG after the age of 4 months.

Methods: A retrospective review of data was performed for patients who underwent the BDG procedure from 2002 to 2018 at our institutions. We reviewed the patients' demographics, echocardiographic findings, cardiac catheterization data, operative details, postoperative data, and outcome variables.

Myocardial Protection by Blood-Based Del Nido versus St. Thomas Cardioplegia in Cardiac Surgery for Adults and Children.

Background: St. Thomas (ST) and Del Nido (DN) cardioplegic solutions are widely used for myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. In 2016, our university hospital shifted from modified St.

Surgical repair for persistent truncus arteriosus in neonates and older children.

Objectives: Persistent truncus arteriosus represents less than 3% of all congenital heart defects. We aim to analyze mid-term outcomes after primary Truncus arteriosus repair at different ages and to identify the risk factors contributing to mortality and the need for intervention after surgical repair.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 36 children, underwent repair of Truncus arteriosus in the period from January 2011 to December 2018 in two institutions.

Iatrogenic Coronary Artery Compromise Post Non-Coronary Cardiac Surgery in Patients With Normal Coronaries.

Background: Unexpected events in cardiac surgery may increase morbidity and mortality. We present rare complications related to coronary arteries in non-coronary cardiac surgery in adults and pediatrics.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our surgical left-sided valve procedures and aortic root reconstruction for patients with documented coronary ostial injury or left circumflex artery (LCX) between January 2012 and December 2019.

Bovine jugular vein valved xenograft for extracardiac total cavo-pulmonary connection: The risk of thrombosis and the potential liver protection effect.

Background: Currently, non-valved conduits are preferred for extracardiac total cavo-pulmonary connection (TCPC). However, previous work has failed to provide objective data comparing the postoperative outcome between non-valved TCPCs and bovine jugular vein valved xenograft (BJV) TCPCs. Hence, the objective of this study is to compare the postoperative outcomes in extracardiac TCPC patients who received BJV vs synthetic non-valved conduits and evaluate the effect of BJV on liver fibrosis.

Evolution of ventricular function in children with permanent right ventricular pacing after tetralogy of Fallot repair: A midterm follow-up.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the midterm effect of chronic apical right ventricular (RV) pacing on right and left ventricular (LV) function using different modalities of echocardiography including conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimension speckle tracking echocardiography.

Methods: This case-control study enrolled 49 patients divided into two groups: a paced group and a nonpaced group. The paced group included 23 patients that underwent tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair and required permanent pacemaker insertion for postoperative complete heart block.

Serum vitamin D status following pediatric cardiac surgery and association with clinical outcome.

Our aim is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). In addition, we demonstrated the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium levels. The association between perioperative vitamin D levels and postoperative clinical outcomes has been explored.