Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients Taking Metformin: Pathogenesis and Recommendations.

Metformin is a cornerstone therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its glucose-lowering efficacy and additional benefits such as reducing cardiovascular mortality. However, accumulating evidence suggests an association between long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to serious clinical consequences. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the pathogenesis, prevalence, clinical implications, and management of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency.

Transcriptome Profiling of a Salt Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstock 'Ruggeri' throughout Salinity.

Salinity is one of the substantial threats to plant productivity and could be escorted by other stresses such as heat and drought. It impairs critical biological processes, such as photosynthesis, energy, and water/nutrient acquisition, ultimately leading to cell death when stress intensity becomes uncured. Therefore, plants deploy several proper processes to overcome such hostile circumstances.

CO reduction reaction on Sc-doped nanocages as catalysts.

Context: The catalytic ability of Sc-doped C and Sc-doped AlP as catalysts of CO-RR to create the CH and CHOH is investigated. The mechanisms of CO-RR are examined by theoretical methods and ΔG of reaction steps of CO-RR mechanisms are calculated. The overpotential of CH and CHOH production on Sc-doped C and Sc-doped AlP is calculated.

Physiological Comparison of Two Salt-Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstocks under Salinity Reveals Different Adaptation Qualities.

Like other plant stresses, salinity is a central agricultural problem, mainly in arid or semi-arid regions. Therefore, salt-adapted plants have evolved several adaptation strategies to counteract salt-related events, such as photosynthesis inhibition, metabolic toxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. European grapes are usually grafted onto salt-tolerant rootstocks as a cultivation practice to alleviate salinity-dependent damage.

The 21st century disaster: The COVID-19 epidemiology, risk factors and control.

The 21st century will be indelible in the world as ruin of the outbreak of COVID-19 was arose in Wuhan, China has now spread all over the world, up to August 2020. This study was based on the factors affecting the epidemiology of this virus in human societies of global concern. We studied the articles published in journals on various aspects of nCoVID19.

Assessment of mitochondrial DNA viability ratio in day-4 biopsied embryos as an add-in to select euploid embryos for single embryo transfer.

The aim of this study was to assess mitochondrial DNA analysis as a predictor of the pregnancy potential of biopsied preimplantation embryos. The study included 78 blastomeres biopsied from day 4 cleavage stage euploid embryos. The embryo karyotype was confirmed by 24-chromosome preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies using the Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) system.

Computational Assessment of Microrotation and Buoyancy Effects on the Stagnation Point Flow of Carreau-Yasuda Hybrid Nanofluid with Chemical Reaction Past a Convectively Heated Riga Plate.

The present framework deliberated the mixed convection stagnation point flow of a micropolar Carreau-Yasuda hybrid nanoliquid through the influence of the Darcy-Forchheimer parameter in porous media toward a convectively heated Riga plate. In this investigation, blood is used as a base liquid and gold (Au) and copper (Cu) are the nanoparticles. The main novelty of the present investigation is to discuss the transmission of heat through the application of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and the heat source/sink on the flow of a micropolar Carreau-Yasuda hybrid nanoliquid.

Maximal levator resection versus Gore-Tex sling for congenital blepharoptosis with poor levator function.

Background: Treating congenital blepharoptosis is often mandatory to clear the visual access and avoid amblyopia; however, when the levator function is poor, achieving a satisfactory long-term outcome is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of maximal levator resection (MLR) with those of frontalis suspension (FS) using Gore-Tex , in the treatment of congenital blepharoptosis with poor levator function.

Patients And Methods: The study included 102 eyelids of 66 patients of mean age 4.

Prevalence of drug-resistant microbes in sepsis cases of catheter and fistula based haemodialysis.

Background: Chronic stage renal disease is a severe disease of the kidney which affects people globally. According to the global burden of diseases in 2010, this disease has caused more deaths worldwide and due to the high death rate, the ESRD (end-stage renal disease) is now ranked up from 27th to 18th range in the list.

Methodology: Dialysis samples were collected from the Haripur city and surrounding areas.

PREDICTION OF DIFFICULT INTUBATION BY USING UPPER LIP BITE, THYROMENTAL DISTANCE AND MALLAMPATI SCORE IN COMPARISON TO CORMACK AND LEHANE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy of Modified Mallampati test (MMT), upper lip bite test (ULBT) and Thyromental distance (TMD) or combination of two method Modified Mallampati test (MMT)+ upper lip bite test (ULBT), Thyromental distance (TMD) + upper lip bite test (ULBT) in prediction of difficult intubation in patients undergoing GA.

Patients And Methods: Three tests were carried out in all patients by a single anesthesiologist. These were MMT, ULBT and TMD.

Bioherbicidal ability and weed management of allelopathic methyl esters from .

Allelochemicals are secondary metabolites which are not edible and can be used as growth regulators and bio-herbicides. The goal of current study was to assess allelopathic ability of (Sage-plant) flowers against weeds viz. (Wild oat), (Sun-spurge), (Goosefoot), (Canary-grass), and (Knotweed).

Identification of Lead Compounds against Scm (fms10) in Using Computer Aided Drug Designing.

(1) Background: DO is an environmental microbe, which is a mesophilic, facultative, Gram-positive, and multiple habitat microorganism. DO is responsible for many diseases in human. The fight against infectious diseases is confronted by the development of multiple drug resistance in .

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Primary Immunodeficiency Patients from a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and identify clinical presentation of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs). Characteristic quantitative and qualitative immunological abnormalities have been described which help in establishing a definitive PID diagnosis.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Immunology department of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Dec 2018.

Immunophenotypic characterisation of morphologically diagnosed cases of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML).

Objective: To determine immunophenotypic pattern in newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukaemia by flow cytometry and its correlation with morphological findings.

Methods: This study was conducted at Haematology (Pathology) department, Army Medical College, in collaboration with Immunology Department Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from 16 November 2016 to 16 November 2017. One hundred and six patients of both genders and all age groups diagnosed as acute myeloid leukaemia were included in the study.

Evaluation of Serum Free Light Chain in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Plasma Cell Disorders.

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of serum free light chain assay compared to serum and urine protein electrophoresis in plasma cell disorders.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: This study was conducted in the Immunology Department, Armed Forces institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from May 2017 to May 2018.

Significance of Testing Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies in Patients with Deranged Thyroid Profile.

Background: We hypothesized that anti-thyroid antibodies are more often positive in individuals with deranged thyroid profile.

Methods: This prospective cohort was done in Immunology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Jan 2017 to Oct 2017. All the samples that were referred to us for testing anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO or anti-TG antibodies) and thyroid profile were included in the study.

Left ventricular relative wall thickness versus left ventricular mass index in non-cardioembolic stroke patients.

In non-cardioembolic stroke patients, the cardiac manifestations of high blood pressure are of particular interest. Emerging data suggest that echocardiographically determined left ventricular hypertrophy is independently associated with risk of ischemic stroke.The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of different patterns of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and hypertrophy in a group of consecutive patients admitted with non-cardioembolic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Molecular spectrum of alpha-thalassemia mutations in microcytic hypochromic anemia patients from Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To describe the molecular spectrum of alpha-thalassemia molecular defects in a population sample of Saudi Arabian patients from the eastern province.

Methods: DNA was extracted from 41 patients suffering from microcytic, hypochromic anemia. We screened the alpha-globin gene for deletional and nondeletional mutations.

Protective effects of Digera muricata (L.) Mart. on testis against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in rat.

Oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg body weight i.p.) in rat substantially decreases the increase in body weight and relative testis weight.

Chronic granulomatous disease.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an X-linked/ autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by recurrent infections. The diagnosis is primarily based on simple Nitrobluctetrazolium dye reduction test. We describe here an unusual case of an 8 year old girl, as the disease is X-linked in most of the cases.

CD5-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

CD5-positive B-ALL is a rare variant of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In literature, only three cases have been reported so far. This fourth case report describes a young lady who was diagnosed as ALL (L-2) on bone marrow examination and was found to be CD5 positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia on immunophenotyping.

Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction in renal transplant recipients--assessment of potential risk factors.

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the effects of renal transplantation on penile haemodynamics using pharmaco-stimulation and colour Duplex ultrasonographic examination and then to determine the possible vascular risk factors for impotence in these patients.

Material And Methods: A total of 100 renal transplant recipients (RTRs; 80 impotent, 20 potent) and 20 potent uraemic patients on haemodialysis waiting for transplantation (control group) were included in the study. The patients were evaluated by means of detailed medical and sexual histories, clinical examination and laboratory investigations.