Gender and international clinician educators.

Objectives: To describe gender differences of international clinician educators (CEs) and leaders, and CEs' perceptions by gender of preparation, roles, rewards and factors affecting job satisfaction and retention in emerging international competency-based residency programmes.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys of CEs and leadership were conductedJune 2013-June 2014 at institutions that had adopted competency-based graduate medical education and were accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-International.

Results: 274 (76.

Clinician-educators in emerging graduate medical education systems: description, roles and perceptions.

Objectives: To describe clinician-educators (CEs) in new graduate medical education (GME) systems and characterize perception of preparedness, roles and rewards, and factors affecting job satisfaction and retention.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of all CEs of institutions using competency-based GME and accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-International (ACGME-I).

Results: 274 of 359 eligible participants (76.

Predictors of obstructive sleep apnea in snorers.

Background: Snoring is a commong problem that poses a high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We studied the contribution of risk factors for OSA in snorers for full-night polysomnography (PSG).

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to subjects referred for PSG in the period from April 2002 to March 2005.