A Novel Endoscopic Anterior Cricoid Rib Grafting: A Feasibility Study in An Animal Model.

Objective: The objective of our study was to document the feasibility of a novel endoscopic anterior cricoid split and rib grafting technique in a goat airway model.

Study Design: Feasibility pilot animal study.

Setting: Animal surgical laboratory at a tertiary hospital and research center.

Endoscopic Anterior Laryngotracheal Reconstruction.

This article introduces a new endoscopic technique for anterior laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) using costal rib cartilage grafting in a 2-year-old patient with acquired Grade III subglottic stenosis. The procedure involves an endoscopic incision in the cricoid cartilage's anterior midline and successful outcomes were achieved without complications. The study emphasizes the benefits of this approach, such as reduced hospital stays, shorter operation time, and decreased scarring, but acknowledges the necessity for further human trials to validate its effectiveness in treating different grades of laryngeotracheal stenosis.

Factors affecting graft healing in laryngotracheal reconstruction: a retrospective single-center experience.

Purpose: To examine the factors that affect graft healing after laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January-2008 and October-2023. We included all patients who underwent LTR and required anterior and/or posterior graft placement, while those who underwent procedures without graft placement and those with incomplete information were excluded.

Clinical evaluation of pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.: A longitudinal study at a Saudi Arabian tertiary care center.

Objectives: To study the clinical evaluation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) patients and the factors associated with the improvement in the Derkay's score as a measure of disease severity.

Methods: A retrospective cohort that included all juvenile RRP patients who were admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between September 2015 and June 2022 and underwent surgical debulking.

Results: A total of 16 patients were eligible to join our study.

Effect of Intralesional Steroid Injections Among Patients with Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis Undergoing Endoscopic Balloon Dilation Using Pulmonary Function Tests.

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is characterized by an abnormal decrease in the upper airway diameter. The pulmonary function test (PFT) is an effective adjunctive diagnostic tool for upper airway obstruction. LTS can be managed with either open surgery or less invasive endoscopic approaches, among which endoscopic balloon dilation is the main method; this may include concurrent intralesional steroid injection (ILSI), which has the potential of improving the outcomes.

Is adenotonsillectomy effective in improving central apnea events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of adenotonsillectomy on improving central sleep apnea events in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: We searched four online databases for relevant articles published from inception until October 2022. We included studies that measured the number of central apnea events per sleep and central apnea-hypopnea index (CAHI) or central apnea index (CAI) scores in children with OSA before and after adenotonsillectomy.

Spirometry in laryngotracheal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the changes in spirometry parameters or indices after relieving laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) in adult patients.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO databases was conducted for assessing changes in spirometry values after endoscopic balloon dilatation of LTS in adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.

Comparison Between Flap and Primary Closures of Persistent Tracheocutaneous Fistula: A Scoping Review.

To compare the susceptibility and complication rates between flap and primary closures for tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF). We searched 4 online databases (Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus) for relevant articles published from study inception until August 2022. Studies including at least 5 adult or child patients with persistent TCFs who underwent closure surgery via primary or flap repair were included.

Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the sleep-related breathing disorder scale of the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ-SRBD).

Background/objectives: The incidence of sleep-related breathing disorders is underestimated because polysomnography is required to confirm its diagnosis. The pediatric sleep questionnaire-sleep-related breathing disorder (PSQ-SRBD) scale is a self-reported questionnaire completed by a patient's guardian. There is no validated Arabic version of the PSQ-SRBD that can be used in the Arabic-speaking population.

Adverse Respiratory Events After Pediatric Endoscopic Airway Surgeries.

Objective: Perioperative risk stratification of pediatric patients undergoing airway intervention remains crucial in identifying those at a higher risk of requiring postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) care. Here we determined the likelihood of and possible risk factors for developing perioperative adverse respiratory events (PAREs) requiring ICU care after various pediatric endoscopic airway surgeries (EASs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who were aged <18 years and underwent EAS between 2015 and 2021.

Safety profile and efficacy of high-dose topical mitomycin-C for choanal atresia repair: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To study the effect of dose-adjusted mitomycin-c (MMC) on the recurrence rate of choanal atresia (CA), and the complication rate associated with this concentration.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted between May 2012 and March 2020 at a tertiary referral center. It included patients of all ages who were diagnosed with CA and scheduled to undergo surgical repair.

Microbiological profiles of tracheostomy patients: a single-center experience.

Background: This study compared the prevalence of common microorganisms in obstructed and non-obstructed cases across the four quarters on the first post-tracheostomy year.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of the microbiological profiles of all adult patients who underwent a tracheostomy was conducted between June 2015 and September 2019 at our hospital. Based on the tracheostomy indications, patients were allocated to obstructed or non-obstructed group.

Correlation of airway ultrasonography and laryngoscopy findings in adults with subglottic stenosis: a pilot study.

Purpose: Ultrasonography of the airway has potential as an alternative, non-invasive, method to monitor patients with subglottic stenosis in an outpatient setting. This prospective, interventional, double-blinded study aimed to correlate ultrasound-based and laryngoscopy-based subglottic stenosis assessment in adults.

Methods: The study was conducted between July 2020 and March 2021 at a tertiary referral center.

Effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate on laryngotracheal stenosis after balloon dilation: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Laryngotracheal stenosis describes various airflow compromising conditions leading to laryngeal and tracheal narrowing, including subglottic and tracheal stenosis. Direct laryngobronchoscopy is the diagnostic gold standard for laryngotracheal stenosis. This study aimed to explore the effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate as adjuvant medical therapy in patients with laryngotracheal stenosis after balloon dilation.

Tongue Cyst in a Neonate: Unusual Presentation.

Congenital cysts of the tongue base are an uncommon cause of airway obstruction. The diagnosis of upper airway cysts requires a high index of clinical suspicion. We report a case of a vallecular cyst that uniquely extended to the dorsum of the tongue, and the patient presented with airway distress.

Utility of Spirometry Values for Evaluating Tracheal Stenosis Patients Before and After Balloon Dilation.

Objectives: Tracheal stenosis is defined as a narrowing of the airway distal to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage. It is initially diagnosed based on clinical presentation and then confirmed using direct laryngobronchoscopy. Other adjunctive diagnostic methods, including spirometry, have been proposed.

Proposing an Endotracheal Tube Selection Tool Based on Multivariate Analysis of Airway Imaging.

Objectives: We aimed to comprehensively investigate different upper airway segments in adults, determine the predictors of the size of each segment, and identify an appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size chart.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Comparison Between Mathematical and Software Calculation Methods for the Measurement of the Cross-sectional Area in Upper Airway Imaging.

Objectives This study aimed to compare the results of a software calculation method (SCM) and the mathematical calculation method (MCM) in measuring the cross-sectional area (CSA) at four different upper airway segments. Methods The data from the retrospective chart reviews of patients older than 18 years who had undergone computed tomography (CT) of the neck at our tertiary care center between September 2014 and September 2018 were reviewed. Data of patients who were intubated, tracheostomized, had nasogastric tubes, tumors, craniofacial anomalies, trauma, or any pathology that may affect the normal airway anatomy were excluded.

The Generalizability of the Clinical Assessment Score-15 for Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Objective: The Clinical Assessment Score-15 (CAS-15) has been validated as an office-based assessment for pediatric sleep-disordered breathing in otherwise healthy children. Our objective was to determine the generalizability of the CAS-15 in a multi-institutional fashion.

Methods: Five hundred and thirty children from 13 sites with suspected sleep-disordered breathing were recruited, and the investigators completed the CAS-15.

Grading adenoid utilizing flexible nasopharyngoscopy.

Background And Objectives: To assess the possibility of adenoid size asymmetry in both nasal sides by nasopharyngoscopy.

Design And Settings: This is a prospective study involving 100 children, with age ranging between 1 and 12 years, performed in Saudi Arabia between January 2010 and December 2011.

Methods: Adenoid was examined and graded I-IV in relation to posterior choana bilaterally by flexible nasopharyngoscopy.

A laryngeal presentation of Churg-Strauss syndrome in childhood.

A 10- year-old female, known to have bronchial asthma, presented with an unusual laryngeal lesion, eventually diagnosed as Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). She was referred to our hospital with history of recurrent stridor. On endoscopyhe, the larynx showed signs similar to recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).

Hemoptysis. A rare presentation of a vallecular cyst.

Hemoptysis is a frightening experience for both patient and clinician and warrants prompt evaluation and diagnosis. We report a case of a vallecular cyst (VC) in a 30-year-old gentleman presenting with hemoptysis. Carbon dioxide laser dissection of the VC after needle decompression was carried out with no complications or recurrence in a 2 months follow-up.