Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease among Adults in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs.

Incidence, Pathophysiology, Complications, and Management of Positive Vitreous Pressure During Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Literature Review.

Positive vitreous pressure (PVP) is common during open anterior segment surgery and penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) has a reported incidence rate of 40-50%. Despite adequate perioperative preventive precautions, positive pressure occurs during surgery and optimum management of PVP is required to avoid serious complications. Many pharmacological and mechanical approaches can be employed either preoperatively or intraoperatively to decrease vitreous pressure.

Three-year clinical outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with excisional goniotomy using the kahook dual blade for cataract and open-angle glaucoma in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP-reducing drugs, and visual acuity (VA) through up to 3 years of follow-up in patients undergoing combined phacoemulsification and excisional goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB-phaco) by a single surgeon in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The health records of 55 eyes of 47 patients undergoing KDB-phaco by a single surgeon were reviewed. Data were extracted from visits occurring preoperatively ( = 55), intraoperatively ( = 55), and 1-day ( = 55), 2 weeks ( = 55), 4-6 weeks ( = 49), 2-3 months ( = 55), and 6 ( = 55), 9 ( = 55), 12 ( = 55), 18 ( = 49), 24 ( = 46), and 36 months ( = 16) postoperatively.

Surgical Outcomes of Combined 2nd-Generation Trabecular Microbypass (iStent Inject) and Cataract Surgery for the Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the Saudi Population.

Introduction: To investigate the 24-month efficacy and safety of iStent inject trabecular microbypass system implantation combined with phacoemulsification in subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and concomitant cataract.

Methods: This prospective, uncontrolled, interventional case series included 36 eyes (29 subjects) with POAG of mild to moderate severity and coexisting cataract that underwent combined phacoemulsification and implantation of a second-generation trabecular microbypass stent (iStent inject®). Main outcome measures involved mean intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications, and proportional analysis of eyes with IOP ≤ 18 mmHg or ≤ 15 mmHg, or with 0 or ≥ 2 glaucoma medications.

Profile of Glaucoma in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Glaucomas remain asymptomatic until severe, indicating that the actual number of affected individuals may be higher than those diagnosed.

Objective: To study the clinical patterns of glaucoma cases in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, and Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Long term outcome of combined phacoemulsification and excisional goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade in different subtypes of glaucoma.

To characterize changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP-lowering medications through up to 2 years of follow-up in patients undergoing combined phacoemulsification and excisional goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (phaco-KDB), with simultaneous goniosynechialysis in cases of angle-closure glaucoma. Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Consecutive patients with medically-treated glaucoma and visually-significant cataract underwent combined surgery.

Surgical Outcomes of Microcatheter-assisted Trabeculotomy as a Secondary Procedure in Patients with Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of illuminated microcatheter-assisted trabeculotomy as a secondary procedure in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods: This retrospective case series included patients with PCG who underwent trabeculotomy using an illuminated microcatheter with the intent of catheterizing the full circumference of Schlemm's canal in a single procedure. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21 mmHg, with or without the use of glaucoma medications.

MicroPulse Transscleral Laser Therapy with Kahook Dual Blade Excisional Goniotomy and Goniosynechialysis Combined with Phacoemulsification for Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report the efficacy and safety of MicroPulse transscleral laser therapy (TLT) and Kahook Dual Blade excisional goniotomy and goniosynechialysis combined with phacoemulsification for chronic angle-closure glaucoma (ACG).

Patients And Methods: A 39-year-old hyperopic female with a known history of ACG presented with a 2-week history of blurry vision, headache, and photophobia in the right eye (RE) following surgical peripheral iridectomy at another hospital. On examination, her uncorrected visual acuity was 20/50 in the RE, and 20/25 in the left eye (LE).

Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees.

Methods: An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed among residents in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs between July 7 and 14, 2020. In this study, we explored residents' opinions regarding training disruption and virtual education.

Quality of Life After Combined Cataract and Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery in Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To determine the quality of life (QOL) in glaucoma patients undergoing combined cataract and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery from various perspectives ranging from personal, social, occupational life, and economic status.

Settings And Design: A cross-sectional study design at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Patients undergoing phacoemulsification in conjunction with various forms of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) for each patient, including either Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy, iStent, iStent inject and gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT), were included in the study between 2018 and 2019.

Combined Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT) with Ab Interno Canaloplasty (ABiC) in Conjunction with Phacoemulsification: 12-Month Outcomes.

Purpose: To report the surgical outcomes of combined gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) with ab interno canaloplasty (ABiC) in conjunction with phacoemulsification for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Patients And Methods: This prospective, interventional, non-comparative case series included POAG patients who underwent combined GATT and ABiC in conjunction with phacoemulsification performed between January 2018 and August 2018. Main outcome measures include surgical success rate, changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and complications.

Episcleritis as a possible presenting sign of the novel coronavirus disease: A case report.

Purpose: In this report, we describe a case of episcleritis that appeared to be the first sign of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Observations: A 29-year-old man with no prior medical condition presented with a complaint of redness and foreign body sensation in his left eye, which started two days before his consultation. He had no history of decreased vision, pain, photophobia, discharge, ocular surgery, or trauma.

Outcomes of Combined iStent Trabecular Micro-Bypass and Cataract Surgery for the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Saudi Population.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and safety of a single iStent trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation in combination with cataract surgery in lowering the intra ocular pressure (IOP) and number of anti-glaucoma medications in Saudi patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Setting: King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Design: Prospective, non-comparative, uncontrolled, non-randomized interventional case series.

Outcome Of MicroPulse Transscleral Photocoagulation In Different Types Of Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of MicroPulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (µP-TSCPC) up to 24-months follow-up using a standardized fixed protocol in patients with various types of glaucoma.

Methods: Prospective, nonrandomized, non-comparative interventional case series of µP-TSCPC performed by a single glaucoma surgeon at tertiary hospitals between May 2017 and May 2019.

Results: A total of 71 eyes of 68 patients (39 males, 29 females) aged 60.

Outcomes of Scleral-fixated Intraocular-lens in Children with Idiopathic Ectopia Lentis.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to review the safety and stability of scleral-fixated intraocular lens (IOL) 2 years after implantation in children with idiopathic ectopia lentis (EL).

Methods: This retrospective case series enrolled children with EL managed between 2011 and 2015 at a tertiary eye hospital in the eastern of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on age, gender, vision, isolated or syndromic pathology, intraoperative and postoperative complications, spherical equivalent refraction, and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Intracorneal Hematoma After Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implant Surgery.

Intracorneal hematoma or hemorrhagic descemet detachment is a rare phenomenon. It has been previously described after nonpenetrating glaucoma surgeries such as canaloplasty, viscocanalostomy, and deep sclerectomy. In this report, we describe a rare case of intracorneal hematoma as a yet nondocumented complication after Ahmed glaucoma valve implant surgery.

Secondary implantation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) for correction of anisometropic hyperopia in a 3-year-old pseudophakic child.

We report the first case of secondary implantation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) for correction of anisometropic hyperopia in a 3-year-old pseudophakic child. The ICL implantation was considered in our patient due to parental noncompliance for contact lens and spectacles use for one year. In terms of efficacy, the preoperative refractive error of +7.

Implantation of spherical and toric copolymer phackic intraocular lens to manage amblyopia due to anisometropic hyperopia and myopia in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of implantation of the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) (spherical and toric models) for management of amblyopia due to anisometropic hyperopia and myopia in children.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary care eye specialty hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Tuberculous Conjunctivitis in an Anophthalmic Socket.

Tuberculous (TB) conjunctivitis was not an uncommon condition before the early 20(th) century but is currently a rare occurrence, especially in the developed countries. We report a 27-year-old Saudi female who underwent enucleation of the right eye at the age of 20 following a penetrating eye injury. She had a history of miliary TB that was treated at the age of 22.

A review of the efficacy of mitomycin C in glaucoma filtration surgery.

The success of trabeculectomy, which is considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of glaucoma, depends on the wound healing response. The introduction of antiproliferative agents such as mitomycin C (MMC) has increased the success rates of trabeculectomy. However, complications due to these agents can be challenging to manage.

Idiopathic Peripapillary Subretinal Neovascular Membrane in a Young Woman with Recurrence of the Lesion during Pregnancy after Treatment with Intravitreal Bevacizumab.

We report a 27-year-old woman who was diagnosed with idiopathic peripapillary subretinal neovascular membrane (PSRNVM) in her left eye with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/160. She had been treated by three monthly doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.

Presentation of acute central retinal vein occlusion in scleroderma.

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a rare complication of scleroderma. Here we report a case of a 30-year-old man who was diagnosed to have scleroderma in the rheumatology and dermatology clinic. During treatment with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive therapy the patient developed a sudden decrease of vision in the right eye and was diagnosed to have right CRVO with macular edema on fundus examination.

Behcet's disease presenting as intracranial hypertension due to cerebral venous thrombosis.

The non-parenchymal central nervous system's (CNS) involvement in Behcet's disease (BD) is considered rare. We herein report a case of BD complicated by intracranial hypertension (ICH) due to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in a 25-year-old Saudi male. Our patient presented with a four-week history of increasingly severe headache, nausea and diplopia, which were preceded by previous recurrent intermittent oral and genital ulcers, history suggestive of acneiform lesions and arthralgia over the past two years.

Urrets-Zavalia syndrome after implantable Collamer lens placement.

We describe the case of a healthy 28-year-old woman who underwent implantation of a posterior chamber, phakic, toric, implantable Collamer lens (ICL) in both eyes for correction of bilateral high myopia with astigmatism. On the first postoperative day the patient developed increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and a fixed, mid-dilated pupil in her left eye. The elevated IOP was corrected within 3 days by medical treatment.