Citric acid treatment of oral ulcers refractory to conventional treatment: a case study.

Oral ulcers are painful sores that appear in the mouth. Most of them are usually harmless and clear up on their own. Sometimes, they are non-responsive and difficult to manage.

Comparison of Local Anaesthetic Efficacy of Tramadol Versus Lignocaine for Extraction of Tooth Under Supraperiosteal Infiltration.

Background: Tramadol has been shown to have a local anaesthetic effect when used as infiltration anaesthesia.

Methods: The local anaesthetic efficacy of tramadol was compared with that of lignocaine for the extraction of teeth in terms of their onset of action, duration of action, intraoperative pain, post-operative analgesic effect and adverse reactions. Apart from this, incidence of allergic reaction was also recorded for both the drugs.

S-guanylation proteomics for redox-based mitochondrial signaling.

Aims: 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Nitro-cGMP) is a nitrated derivative of cGMP that is formed via cross-talk of reactive oxygen species formed by NADPH oxidase 2 and mitochondria. This nitrated nucleotide can function as a unique electrophilic second messenger in regulation of redox signaling by inducing a post-translational modification of protein thiols via cGMP adduction (protein S-guanylation). With S-guanylation proteomics, we investigated endogenous mitochondrial protein S-guanylation.

Activation of p53/ATM-dependent DNA damage signaling pathway by shiga toxin in mammalian cells.

In this report, we studied the role of DNA damage signaling pathway in shiga toxin (STX)-induced mammalian cell death. Shiga toxin 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity in different mammalian cells such as HeLa cells, mouse embryo fibroblasts, and Caco-2 cells (a human intestinal primary fibroblast cell line). STX-1 was found to induce the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation of chromosomal DNA.

Methodological proof of immunochemistry for specific identification of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate formed in glia cells.

The biological significance of nitrated guanine derivatives, especially 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), has become evident. Therefore it is important to determine the presence and relative abundance of 8-nitro-cGMP formed in cells and tissues. In the present study, we performed immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies specific for 8-nitroguanine (clone NO2-52) and 8-nitro-cGMP (clone 1G6) in rat C6 glioma cells and rat primary cultured astrocytes.

The critical role of nitric oxide signaling, via protein S-guanylation and nitrated cyclic GMP, in the antioxidant adaptive response.

A nitrated guanine nucleotide, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), is formed via nitric oxide (NO) and causes protein S-guanylation. However, intracellular 8-nitro-cGMP levels and mechanisms of formation of 8-nitro-cGMP and S-guanylation are yet to be identified. In this study, we precisely quantified NO-dependent formation of 8-nitro-cGMP in C6 glioma cells via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.