Effect of asthma education intervention on self-management knowledge and control level in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a quasi experimental study.

Background: Asthma self-management education empowers patients to manage their condition effectively. However, evidence on its impact in Ethiopia remains limited. This study evaluated the effect of asthma education on asthma control and self-management knowledge among adult asthma patients in Ethiopia.

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Presented as a Lymph Node Metastasis in 9-Year-Old Child: A Case Report.

Objective: Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in pediatric and adolescent populations. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands that most frequently arises in the parotid gland as a painless swelling. Herein we present a rare case of MEC in a child with metastasis to the cervical lymph node as primary presentation.

Similarities in emotion perception from faces and voices: evidence from emotion sorting tasks.

Emotions are expressed via many features including facial displays, vocal intonation, and touch, and perceivers can often interpret emotional displays across the different modalities with high accuracy. Here, we examine how emotion perception from faces and voices relates to one another, probing individual differences in emotion recognition abilities across visual and auditory modalities. We developed a novel emotion sorting task, in which participants were tasked with freely grouping different stimuli into perceived emotional categories, without requiring pre-defined emotion labels.

Exploring the impact and challenges of tele-ICU: A qualitative study on nursing perspectives.

Aim: The primary objectives of this study were to explore ICU and Tele-ICU nurses' perceptions of Tele-ICU, focusing on its perceived benefits, challenges, and implications for integration into critical care settings.

Background: Tele-Intensive Care Unit (Tele-ICU) services are reshaping critical care by enabling remote monitoring and enhancing patient outcomes. This study investigates the experiences of nurses transitioning from bedside ICU to Tele-ICU roles, focusing on the impact on patient care, organizational benefits, and implementation challenges.

Sildenafil Abrogates Radiation-induced Hepatotoxicity In Animal model: The impact of NF-κB-p65, P53, Nrf2, and SIRT 1 pathway.

Unlabelled: Ionizing radiation has both beneficial and harmful effects on human health, prompting researchers to find ways to protect organs from its adverse impacts. Sildenafil (SIL) has gained attention in protective medicine due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate SIL's protective mechanisms against radiation-induced liver damage.

Ex Vivo Drug Screening: An Emerging Paradigm in the Treatment of Childhood Cancer.

Developing and providing the right therapy for the right patient (or personalized targeted treatments) is key to reducing side-effects and improving survival in childhood cancers. Most efforts aiming to personalize childhood cancer treatment use genomic analysis of malignancies to identify potentially targetable genetic events. But it is becoming clear that not all patients will have an actionable change, and in those that do there is no additional way to determine if treatments will be effective.

Developing a seasonal-adjusted machine-learning-based hybrid time‑series model to forecast heatwave warning.

Heatwaves pose a significant threat to environmental sustainability and public health, particularly in vulnerable regions and rapidly growing cities. They cause water shortages, stress on plants, and an overall drying out of landscapes, reducing plant growth-the basis of energy production and the food chain. Accurate heatwave forecasting is crucial for early warning systems, public health interventions, and disaster preparedness strategies, reducing heat-related mortality risk through modeling and evaluation of warnings.

Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) has become the routine standard of care in patients with severe aortic stenosis and prohibitive surgical risk worldwide. However, data on TAVI outcomes from Africa remain sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of TAVI in Africa.

Evolution of intimate partner violence impacts from cash transfers, food transfers, and behaviour change communication: Mixed-method experimental evidence from a nine-year post-programme follow-up in Bangladesh.

Cash or food transfers can reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), but knowledge gaps remain on how impacts evolve over time, and the role of complementary 'plus' activities and contextual factors. We conducted a mixed-method analysis of how the Transfer Modality Research Initiative in Bangladesh affected IPV over time. The programme was implemented from 2012 to 2014, following a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design, across Northern and Southern Bangladesh.

Control-Informed Reinforcement Learning for Chemical Processes.

This work proposes a control-informed reinforcement learning (CIRL) framework that integrates proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control components into the architecture of deep reinforcement learning (RL) policies, incorporating prior knowledge from control theory into the learning process. CIRL improves performance and robustness by combining the best of both worlds: the disturbance-rejection and set point-tracking capabilities of PID control and the nonlinear modeling capacity of deep RL. Simulation studies conducted on a continuously stirred tank reactor system demonstrate the improved performance of CIRL compared to both conventional model-free deep RL and static PID controllers.

Erector spinae plane block versus transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Peripheral abdominal nerve blocks are key components of multimodal analgesia, enhancing recovery after cesarean sections. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess analgesic efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAPB) under ultrasound guidance following Cesarean Section (CS) under spinal anesthesia.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science to identify relevant trials.

(Z)-N-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-4-heptyl-4-hydroxythiazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-bromobenzamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: exploration of its in vitro and in silico studies.

Human Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) have been clinically used to treat a variety of disorders, such as cancer, obesity, haemolytic anaemia, glaucoma, retinopathy, and epilepsy. To develop a Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor, Iminothiazoline analogue ((Z)-N-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-4-heptyl-4-hydroxythiazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-bromobenzamide) was synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-Ray diffraction studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA) were conducted to find the exact molecular structure as well as intermolecular interactions.

Novel recurrent mutations and genetic diversity in Sudanese children with Adrenal Insufficiency.

Background: Studies of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (PAI) in African children are rare but in Sudan, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and Triple A syndrome are the most common genetic causes. Differential diagnosis is challenging, especially in resource-limited settings, where presentation can mimic common childhood diseases and facilities for biochemical and genetic testing may be restricted.

Patients & Methods: Forty-eight (48) patients from 43 families (31M:17F) with PAI were included (CAH/Triple A excluded).

Effect of co-encapsulation using white and red onion peel extract on the viability and stability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus under stressful conditions.

The study aimed to probe the effect of white and red onion extract on the viability and stability of encapsulated probiotics under stressed conditions. Intentionally, white and red onion peel extract was obtained and used with wall materials to encapsulate the probiotic. Symbiotic microcapsules were characterized for their morphological, molecular, and in vitro attributes.

Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute.

Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology.

A comparison of the United Kingdom's and Switzerland's healthcare financing systems for achieving equity and efficiency goals.

Unlabelled: Healthcare financing systems in the United Kingdom and Switzerland were compared with a focus on efficiency and equity. The United Kingdom's National Health Service employs the Beveridge model. It is predominantly funded through taxation and aims to provide free healthcare at the point of use.

Robotic retromuscular hernia repair optimizes short-term outcomes in higher risk patients.

Background: Smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and COPD are known risk factors for surgical site occurrences (SSO) following open ventral hernia repair. However, little evidence exists on whether these factors also significantly impact SSO after robotic hernia repair. This is a particularly important distinction because robotic approaches have been associated with fewer wound complications.

Diagnostic test accuracy of AI-assisted mammography for breast imaging: a narrative review.

The integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare, particularly in mammography, holds immense potential for improving breast cancer diagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI), with its ability to process vast amounts of data and detect intricate patterns, offers a solution to the limitations of traditional mammography, including missed diagnoses and false positives. This review focuses on the diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted mammography, synthesizing findings from studies across different clinical settings and algorithms.

How Should Laparoscopic Surgery Training be Planned in a Resource-Limited Environment?

Objective: Laparoscopic surgeries (LSs) are underperformed in low-income countries with inadequate health infrastructure due to many restrictive factors. In this study, we aimed to present the process and results of the first bilateral collaboration protocol (BCP) for LS in an African university hospital where laparoscopic surgery had not been performed before.

Design: A 3-stage BCP was implemented between the University of Health Sciences (Turkey) and Jigjiga University Hospital (Somali State, Ethiopia) between January and June 2024.

Evaluating the efficacy and safety of combined microneedling therapy versus topical Minoxidil in androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the combined microneedling (CMNT) with minoxidil versus minoxidil monotherapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA), with a focus on the impact of microneedling parameters on treatment outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024594487) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CMNT versus minoxidil alone for AGA, following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search across six databases was performed up to September 8, 2024.

Acute coronary syndrome in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with various cardiovascular abnormalities, including spontaneous coronary artery dissection and atrial fibrillation. However, limited data exist to describe the association between ADPKD and acute coronary syndrome or heart failure.

Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the occurrence of cardiovascular events among patients with ADPKD compared to those without ADPKD.

Scoping review on assessing climate-sensitive health risks.

Background: Climate change is making the existing health problems worse and also introducing new health problem and therefore calls for a wider evaluation of climate sensitive global diseases. The review sought to assess and collate quantitative and qualitative evidence on the effects of climate change on global health, more specifically, infectious and respiratory diseases, the impacts of extreme weather events as well as the implications for mental health with the view of establishing appropriate sustainable and resilience public health measures and policies.

Methodology: A scoping review of observational studies carried out between the years 2000 and 2024, synthesized information on climate-sensitive health outcomes: infectious diseases, severe weather events, and mental illnesses.

Optimized Preparation of Segmentally Labeled RNAs for NMR Structure Determination.

RNA structures are significantly underrepresented in public repositories (∼ 100-fold compared to proteins) despite their importance for mechanistic understanding and for development of structure prediction/validation tools. A substantial portion of deposited RNA structures have been determined by NMR (∼ 30%), but most comprise fewer than 60 nucleotides due to complications associated with NMR signal overlap. A promising approach for applying NMR to larger RNAs involves use of a mutated DNA polymerase (TGK) that can extend "primer" RNA strands generated independently by synthetic or enzymatic methods [Haslecker et al.

Molecular characterization and cuticular stomatal anatomy of Punica Granatum L. cultivars study in Dohuk governorate.

Background: The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has a rich history of cultivation and is renowned for its beneficial properties and nutrient-dense fruits. Kurdistan Iraq's agricultural, medical, and cultural traditions are the foundation of the pomegranate's historical significance.