Bioinformatics analysis of ubiquitin expression protein gene from .

Ubiquitin expression protein DNA clone (Hl-UBI) was isolated from collected from North Jordan. Its sequence of 285 nucleotides was also determined and deposited in the GeneBank. The 285-bp open reading frame coded for 76-amino acid protein having two domains; the ubiquitin domain and the C terminal extension.

Comparative efficacy of different approaches to managing on green bean.

A greenhouse study was conducted to compare the relative efficacy of different approaches to managing on green bean. These approaches included chemical (fumigant, non-fumigant, seed dressing, and seed dip), biological (the egg-parasitic fungus, and the mycorrhizal fungus sp.), physical (soil solarization), and cultural (chicken litter and urea) methods.

Prevalence, distribution and intraspecific variation of Heterodera schachtii populations from semiarid environment.

A two-year survey study was carried-out to identify and determine the distribution, community characteristics and intraspecific variation of the sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii populations collected from the six major sugar beet-producing governorates in Syria, west Asia. A total of 178 composite rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the six governorates during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons as follows: Aleppo (26), Ar Raqqah (17), Dayr az Zawr (33), Idlib (34), Hamah (41) and Homs (27 samples). The nematode was originally identified on the basis of morphometrics and morphological features of the cyst vulvar cones and second-stage juveniles (J2).

Effect of urea and certain NPK fertilizers on the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat.

Two outdoor pot experiments were conducted in two consecutive years under outdoor conditions during the wheat growing season in Saudi Arabia to determine the effects of urea and certain compound fertilizers (NPK), compared to the effects of the nematicide fenamiphos on the cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera avenae, and wheat growth. The results showed that all of the treatments, except the fertilizer diammonium phosphate (DAP), reduced the number of nematode cysts/root system and increased (P ⩽ 0.05) the dry weight of nematode-infected wheat plants.