Predicting the effectiveness of binaural beats on working memory.

Working memory is vital for short-term information processing. Binaural beats can enhance working memory by improving attention and memory consolidation through neural synchronization. However, individual differences in cognitive and neuronal functioning affect effectiveness of binaural beats, necessitating personalized approaches.

Evaluation of medical equipment maintenance and skilled manpower requirement among private dental centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A pilot study.

Background: Adequate equipment maintenance is necessary to ensure efficient dental care facilities and satisfactory medical equipment performance.

Objective: This study aimed to assess maintenance practices and manpower adequacy in private dental centres (DCs) across Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed to evaluate equipment maintenance and manpower strength based on international and national standards.

New methods for quantifying rapidity of action potential onset differentiate neuron types.

Two new methods for quantifying the rapidity of action potential onset have lower relative standard deviations and better distinguish neuron cell types than current methods. Action potentials (APs) in most central mammalian neurons exhibit sharp onset dynamics. The main views explaining such an abrupt onset differ.