The interrelationship between macrominerals and heat stress in ruminants: current perspectives and future directions - a review.

Macromineral imbalances in ruminants, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, pose a significant challenge to production sustainability and profitability. Heat stress exacerbates these imbalances, negatively impacting physiological functions and productivity. This review examines the effects of heat stress on macromineral levels in ruminants and the need for supplementation under such conditions.

Replacing alfalfa-based total mixed ration with Moringa leaves for improving carcass and meat quality characteristics in lambs.

The expected increase in the population will put more pressure on resources, which means there will be a greater demand for food and the need for different ingredients to feed animals. This study aimed to explore the potential benefits of replacing alfalfa-based total mixed ration (TMR) with spp. On carcass characteristics and meat quality traits in lamb.

Proposing a strategy based on body-thermal status to improve the welfare of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats (Capra hircus).

Objective: Despite the considerable body of research on the effects of heat stress coupled with water scarcity (either through restriction or deprivation) on goats, aimed at enhancing their welfare, there remains a notable gap in the literature regarding the subsequent period following water restoration, during which the cumulative impact is fully alleviated. In response to this gap, we propose a strategy grounded in the assessment of body-thermal status to improve the welfare of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats. Specifically, our strategy seeks to determine the minimally required recovery interval necessary to completely mitigate the residual effects of water deprivation endured for a duration of 72 hours.

Applicability of thermography as a potential non-invasive technique to assess the body-thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats (Capra hircus).

To evaluate the use of infrared thermography to assess the thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived Capra hircus, full-body surface temperature (T) and six other body-thermal variables [core, rectal (T), and skin (T) temperatures, respiratory and heart rates, and total body-thermal gradient (core-to-ambient, BTG)] were measured after three days of euhydration (EU), dehydration (DE), and rehydration (RE). Results revealed that the combined effect of heat stress and water deprivation had affected all tested variables including the T, and once these animals gained access to water in the RE stage variables returned to their EU levels. Moreover, there were positive correlations between T and all variables with the exception of BTG.

Effects of Rumex nervosus leaf powder supplementation on carcasses compositions, small intestine dimensions, breasts color quality, economic feasibility in broiler chickens.

Carcass characteristics, product quality, and the conversion of feed into meat with higher performance and feasibility are important determinants of the profitability and sustainability of any poultry enterprise. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of Rumex nervosus leaf powder (RNLP) on carcass composition, small intestine dimensions, breast color quality, and economic feasibility of Ross broiler chickens. A total of 122 broilers were randomly distributed evenly among 4 treatments (0, 1, 3, and 5 g RNLP/ kg diet, n = 5 replicates per treatment, with 6 broilers per replicate: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂).

Group-training of rams at puberty for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection and its influence on semen quality and sexual behavior.

There is a paucity of information with respect to group-training for artificial vagina and its influence on semen characteristics and sexual behavior of young untrained rams. A total of 18 healthy Najdi rams (with an initial body weight of 40-45 Kg and 7-8 month-old) were consequently used herein to test the usefulness of group-training for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection during the breeding season. Rams were randomly segregated into three groups ( = 6 rams per protocol), and the whole experiment was lasted for 10 weeks.

Effects of Different Levels of Yucca Supplementation on Growth Rates, Metabolic Profiles, Fecal Odor Emissions, and Carcass Traits of Growing Lambs.

Sixty male were used to investigate the effects of dietary extract (YS) on the production, fecal and urinary odor emissions, and carcass traits of growing lambs fed complete pellets. Lambs were fed either a complete pelleted diet without yucca (control) or supplemented with 300 or 600 mg YS/kg dry matter (DM) during the 84-day experiment. The weights and feed consumption of the lambs were measured weekly.

Effect of irrigation frequency and selenium fertilization on the vegetative growth and biomass yield of Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrina.

To maximize the production value of Moringa species, there is a need to understand the morphological effect of irrigation frequency and Se fertilizer levels on Moringa species' growth and development. Hence, the aim of this trial was to determine the combined effect of irrigation frequency and Selenium (Se) fertilizer levels on the growth of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) and Moringa peregrina (M.

Using chrono-physiological management in form of shifting the feeding time has no advantage in goat kids exposed to experimentally induced heat stress.

Despite the proven outcomes of implementing chrono-physiological management (CPM) in several animals to promote their production performance, studies on its usefulness in goats are lacking. Twelve healthy Aardi male goat kids (22.60±1.

Resilience of Lambs to Limited Water Availability without Compromising Their Production Performance.

Water scarcity is a common phenomenon in arid and semi-arid regions, which could have tremendous effects on livestock production. This study aimed to determine the level of water restriction that lambs fed on a pelleted diet can tolerate without compromising their production performance. A total of 24 male Najdi lambs were housed individually and randomly allocated into three equal groups, namely ad libitum water intake, 33% water-intake restriction, and 67% water-intake restriction.

Identifying potential thermal drivers of sudomotor in camels (Camelus dromedarius).

The mechanism of sudomotor regulation in the family Camelidae, as in other mammals, is poorly understood. Five healthy dromedary bulls (400 kg and 4 years-old) were used to examine the interrelationship of sweating rate (SR) with ten thermal parameters measured (and/or estimated) every 3-hr for a 24-hr time period under natural and shaded environmental conditions, in order to subsequently identify the potential thermal drivers of sudomotor in this species. Results revealed that all parameters, including SR, had clearly (P < 0·001) exhibited monophasic circadian rhythms.

Bio-thermal responses and heat balance of a hair coat sheep breed raised under an equatorial semi-arid environment.

Long-term assessments of bio-thermal responses in a hair coat sheep breed were performed to investigate the effect of the thermal environment on their physiological performance and thermal balance. Twelve healthy non-lactating Morada Nova ewes (3 ± 1.2 years old, body mass 32.

Daily rhythms of physiological parameters in the dromedary camel under natural and laboratory conditions.

Camels are well adapted to hot arid environments and can contribute significantly to the economy of developing countries in arid regions of the world. Full understanding of the physiology of camels requires understanding of the internal temporal order of the body, as reflected in daily or circadian rhythms. In the current study, we investigated the daily rhythmicity of 20 physiological variables in camels exposed to natural oscillations of ambient temperature in a desert environment and compared the daily temporal courses of the variables.

Assessment of heat tolerance and production performance of Aardi, Damascus, and their crossbred goats.

The question of whether the adaptability and production performance in goats may be enhanced using a crossbreeding program between bucks of a native and heat-tolerant breed and does of an exotic and dual-purpose breed was approached and examined herein by comparing purebred Aardi and Damascus goats and their crossbred lines (i.e., (1)/2 Aardi (1)/2 Damascus (½A½D) and (1)/4 Aardi (3)/4 Damascus (¼A¾D)) reared in a region characterized by dry and hot bioclimatic conditions.

Evaluation of the effects of chromium supplementation on growth and nitrogen balance of camel calves under summer conditions.

One of the most important problems in the production of camels in arid and semi-arid zones is the reduced feed intake and consequent low growth rate during summer. Under these stressful environmental conditions, chromium (Cr) supplementation to the diet of growing camel calves may be beneficial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a diet supplemented with different levels of Cr on growth performance of camel calves reared in a hot arid environment.

Clotting factor VIII (FVIII) and thrombin generation in camel plasma: A comparative study with humans.

The objective of this study was to characterize the highly elevated levels of clotting factor VIII (FVIII) in camel plasma. Whole blood was collected from healthy camels and factor VIII clotting activity (FVIII:C) assays were conducted using both the clotting and the chromogenic techniques. The anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA) produced the highest harvest of FVIII:C, the level of plasma factor VIII, compared to heparin:saline and heparin:CPDA anticoagulants.

Regional and circadian variations of sweating rate and body surface temperature in camels (Camelus dromedarius).

It was the aim of this study to investigate the regional variations in surface temperature and sweating rate and to visualize body thermal windows responsible for the dissipation of excess body heat in dromedary camels. This study was conducted on five dromedary camels with mean body weight of 450 ± 20.5 kg and 2 years of age.

Improvement of growth and nitrogen utilization in sheep using sugar beet pulp treated with Trichoderma reesei or urea.

Twenty-five intact Barki lambs with mean body weight of 24.81 ± 0.16 kg were used to investigate the effect of including in the diet sugar beet pulp (SBP) treated biologically with Trichoderma reesei or chemically with urea 4 % on nutrients digestibility, growth performance, nitrogen (N) utilization, and hematological and biochemical parameters.