Copper/Tin Nanocomposites-Loaded Exosomes Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest at G0/G1 Phase in Skin Cancer Cell Line.

This study aims to explore the efficacy of Copper/Tin (CuS/SnS) nanocomposites loaded into exosomes against skin cancer A431 cell line. CuS/SnS nanocomposites (S1, S2, S3) were synthesized and characterized, then loaded into exosomes (Exo) (S1-Exo, S2-Exo and S3-Exo) and characterized. After that, the loaded samples were investigated in vitro against A431 using cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays.

Exploration of antimicrobial and anticancer activities of L-amino acid oxidase from Egyptian Naja haje venom.

Hepatocellular carcinoma and bacterial resistance are major health burdens nowadays. Thus, providing new therapies that overcome that resistance is of great interest, particularly those derived from nature rather than chemotherapeutics to avoid cytotoxicity on normal cells. Venomous animals are among the natural sources that assisted in the discovery of novel therapeutic regimens.

Induction of breast cancer cell apoptosis by novel thiouracil-fused heterocyclic compounds through boosting of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and DFT study.

Breast cancer is a common public health disease causing mortality worldwide. Thus, providing novel chemotherapies that tackle breast cancer is of great interest. In this investigation, novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 3,4,(6a-c),(8a,b),9-20 were synthesized and characterized using a variety of spectrum analyses.

An ellagitannin-loaded CS-PEG decorated PLGA nano-prototype promotes cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells.

Colorectal cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Egypt, as a developing country, has a high-rise incidence of cancer. The current study objective was to investigate the antitumor influences of ellagitannin-loaded CS-PEG-decorated PLGA nano-prototypes against human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT 116 as well as Caco-2) in vitro.

Anti-cancer activity, and molecular docking of novel hybrid heterocyclic steroids revealed promising anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agent: Implication of cyclin dependent kinase-2 pathway.

To identify new steroidal agents with potential biological activities, we synthesized hybrid steroids containing thiazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, thiophene or phthalazine moiety. Epi-androsterone 1 reacted with phenylthiosemicarbazide to afford the corresponding androstane-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone derivative 2. The latter product was used in the synthesis of a series of annulated steroid derivatives.

Nanotherapy: New Approach for Impeding Hepatic Cancer Microenvironment via Targeting Multiple Molecular Pathways.

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment has been recognized as a key contributor for cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The crosstalk between tumor cells, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) signaling networks mediates immunoinhibitory impact and facilitates tumor angiogenesis. The current investigation aimed at exploring the potent anti-cancer activity of the newly designed nano-based anti-cancer therapy comprising anti-VEGF drug, avastin (AV), and CCR2 antagonist (CR) to counteract HCC and tracking its mode of action in vivo.

Implication of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using aptamer-labeled viramidine nanoparticles.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem with regional differences in epidemiological statistics. Co-assembling the drug nanoparticles and targeting moieties could improve the therapeutic delivery of anti-cancer drugs. In this attempt, we tracked the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in HCC cells using viramidine (VRM)-loaded aptamer (APT) nanoparticles.

Inhibition of induced-hepatic cancer through IQGAP1-shRNA gene therapy and modulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis pathway.

Background: Liver cancer is the deadliest malignancy among common tumors. It is the top cause of cancer-related deaths in Egypt, and it is characterized by increasing occurrence among the population. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of pre-treatment of IQGAP1-shRNA on induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model and evaluate the potency of this IQGAP1-shRNA plasmid to recover hepatic cancer as a new tool of cancer therapy.

Novel Approach Using shRNA of IQGAP1 for Colon Cancer Therapy: HCT116 as a Surrogate Model Colorectal Carcinoma.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents life-threatening problems worldwide. IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is acting as oncogenesis regulators. RNAi is proposed as promising cancer therapeutics.

Bioactive glass doped with noble metal nanoparticles for bone regeneration: kinetics and proliferative impact on human bone cell line.

This work investigates the bioactivity of novel silver-doped (BG-Ag) and gold-doped (BG-Au) quaternary 46S6 bioactive glasses synthesized a semi-solid-state technique. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model successfully predicted the uptake kinetic profiles of the initial ion-exchange release of Ca in simulated body fluid, the subsequent Si release, and finally, the adsorption of Ca and P onto the bioactive glasses. Doping with silver nanoparticles enhanced the rate of P uptake by up to approximately 90%; whereas doping with gold nanoparticles improved Ca and P uptake rates by up to about 7 and 2 times, respectively; as well as Ca uptake capacity by up to about 19%.

Newly Synthesized Punicalin and Punicalagin Nano-Prototypes Induce Breast Cancer Cytotoxicity Through ROS-Mediated Apoptosis.

Objective: Globally, breast cancer represents serious cause of morbidity and mortality. Our goal is to improve nutraceuticals that have the ability to overlap the side effects of conventional therapies and promising tumoricidal effects by using nanotechnology techniques. The current work was premeditated to explore the apoptotic effects of punicalin (PN) and punicalagin (PNG) nano-prototypes, derived from Punica granatum, on human breast cancerous MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro.

Thymoquinone Crosstalks with DR5 to Sensitize TRAIL Resistance and Stimulate ROS-Mediated Cancer Apoptosis.

Objective: Cancer treatment using a targeted inducer of apoptosis like tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) faced the obstacle of resistance, thus providing a plus drug like Thymoquinone (TQ) could be of great interest to tackle breast cancer cells. The aim of the present work is to examine the genetic modulation impacts of the TRAIL receptors and apoptotic markers upon the combinatorial remedy of TRAIL plus TQ on human breast cancer cell lines.

Methods: To achieve this rationale, the protein content-based cytotoxicity using SRB assay, as well as the genetic expressions of the TRAIL receptors (DR4 and DR5) and apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Cas-8, and FADD) using real time qRT-PCR technique were preceded against breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancerous cell lines.

Metformin-loaded lecithin nanoparticles induce colorectal cancer cytotoxicity via epigenetic modulation of noncoding RNAs.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is major aliment around the word, with a cumulative rate of mortality. Metformin (MT) was recently approved as anticancer drug against solid tumors, such as CRC. Resistance to MT therapy remains to be a challenging matter facing the development of possible anti-cancer strategy.

Combination Therapy of TRAIL and Thymoquinone Induce Breast Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity-Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest.

Objective: Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in both developed and developing nations. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is characterized by its ability to selectively trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. TRAIL-based interventions have led to the development of recombinant human (rhTRAIL) as a promising therapy for different types of human cancer.

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of New Thiazolopyrimidine Sugar Hydrazones and Their Derived Acyclic Nucleoside Analogues.

New thienyl- or chlorophenyl-substituted thiazolopyrimidine derivatives and their derived sugar hydrazones incorporating acyclic d-galactosyl or d-xylosyl sugar moieties in addition to their per-O-acetylated derivatives were synthesized. Heterocyclization of the formed sugar hydrazones afforded the derived acyclic nucleoside analogues possessing the 1,3,4-oxadiazoline as modified nucleobase via acetylation followed by the cyclization process. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines as well as human colorectal cancer HCT 116 and Caco-2 cell lines.

Synthesis of novel hybrid hetero-steroids: Molecular docking study augmented anti-proliferative properties against cancerous cells.

Hetero-steroids, hybrid anticancer agents, have received much interest in view of their numerous and promising biological activities. In this study, a novel class of hetero-steroids were synthesized, analytical and spectral data proved the validity of the novel synthesized steroid derivatives. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17 were evaluated using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) and non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cell lines.

Role of mitochondria in rescuing glycolytically inhibited subpopulation of triple negative but not hormone-responsive breast cancer cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is among the most aggressive cancers with the worst prognosis and least therapeutic targetability while being more likely to spread and recur. Cancer transformations profoundly alter cellular metabolism by increasing glucose consumption via glycolysis to support tumorigenesis. Here we confirm that relative to ER-positive cells (MCF7), TNBC cells (MBA-MD-231) rely more on glycolysis thus providing a rationale to target these cells with glycolytic inhibitors.

Nanotechnological Applications Hold a Pivotal Position in Boosting Stem Cells Osteogenic Activity: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

This approach was constructed to appraise the therapeutic effectiveness of a single i.v. dose of osteoblasts generated from co-culturing BM-MSCs with nano-HA, Pt-NPs, or Pt-HA-nanocomposite in osteoporotic rats.

Bevacizumab and CCR2 Inhibitor Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity-Mediated Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Treated Hepatic and Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are very common in certain population around the world. Despite the recent advances in their diagnosis and therapy, their prognosis remains poor due to the development resistance to drug. Although doxorubicin (DOX) is considered to be one of the most anti-solid tumor drugs, developed resistance is contributing to unsuccessful outcome.

Viramidine-Loaded Galactosylated Nanoparticles Induce Hepatic Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Inhibit Angiogenesis.

Current estimates indicate that hepatocarcinoma is the leading cause of death globally. There is interest in utilizing nanomedicine for cancer therapy to overcome side effects of chemo-interventions. Ribavirin, an antiviral nucleoside inhibitor, accumulates inside red blood cells, causing anemia.

Selenium Overcomes Doxorubicin Resistance in Their Nano-platforms Against Breast and Colon Cancers.

Colon cancer in men and breast cancer in women are regarded as major health burdens, accounting for majority of cancer diagnoses globally. Doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in breast and colon cancers represents the main reason of unsuccessful therapy. The rationale of this study is to explore whether selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) can overcome this resistance obstacle of DOX nanoparticles (nano-DOX) in these cancerous cells.

Raloxifene-encapsulated hyaluronic acid-decorated chitosan nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are leading causes of cancer mortality and morbidity around the world. Despite the recent advances in their diagnosis and therapy, their prognosis remains poor owing to the development of drug resistance and metastasis. Raloxifene (RX), a drug first used in the treatment of osteoporosis, was recently approved for NSCLC and HCC prevention.

Enhanced mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through complexation of selenium/titanium nanocomposites.

The main target of this work was to explore the proliferative impact of selenium dioxide nanoparticles (SeO) and selenium dioxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposites (Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III)) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For this purpose, SeO and Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III) were prepared by facile one step method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) with reference to SeO nanoparticles. Also, MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (ADSCs), propagated and characterized by flow cytometry.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Cholestanoheterocyclic Steroids as Anticancer Agents.

Modification of steroid molecules by introducing heterocyclic ring into the core structure of steroids has been utilized as an attractive approach for either cancer prognosis or diagnosis. Several new cholestanoheterocyclic steroids were synthesized, and analytical and spectral data proved the validity of the novel synthesized steroid derivatives. The cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15b, and 16b was evaluated using human colorectal cancer HCT 116 and Caco-2, cervical cancer HeLa, hepatoma HepG2, and breast cancer MCF7 cell lines.

Improving Anti-Cancer Potentiality and Bioavailability of Gallic Acid by Designing Polymeric Nanocomposite Formulation.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the in vivo antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic characteristics of encapsulated GA-NC (gallic acid nanocomposite) in normal and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-induced rats. Methods: Rats were distributed into 4 groups; negative control, HCC, gallic acid (GA), and GA-NC. Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), endoglin (ENG), heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), pro-caspase 3, lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) and β-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were assayed by ELISA.